Vahideh Narjesi; Javad Fatahi Moghadam; Ali Akbar Ghasemi-Soloklui
Abstract
A prevalent problem in pomegranate fruit is sun damage that decreases the quantity and quality of fruit. This study's objective was to evaluate the effect of different photo-selective shade net colors and shading percentages on growth traits and pomegranate fruit quality during two-years (2019 and 2020). ...
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A prevalent problem in pomegranate fruit is sun damage that decreases the quantity and quality of fruit. This study's objective was to evaluate the effect of different photo-selective shade net colors and shading percentages on growth traits and pomegranate fruit quality during two-years (2019 and 2020). Plots of pomegranate trees (cv. Malse Saveh) were covered to full canopy with two colors photo-selective shade nets (White and Green) and with two shading percent (30 and 50%) compared to uncovered plots (control) at Saveh region in the same orchard at the time of fruit set (10 June) and maintained on the trees for four months. The findings showed that shade nets increased relative leaf water content while decreasing temperature and light intensity in the canopy and fruits as compared to the control. Pomegranates maintained under nets had much higher fruit weight and yield than those uncover trees. The percentage of sunburn fruits was dramatically reduced when a shade net was used. In uncovered trees, the percentage of sunburn was 27.85 %, whereas in shade treatments, the percentage of sunburn was at 0 - 4.5%. The white shade net 50% PAR (Photosynthetically active radiation) had the highest fruit weight, juice percentage, aril weight and yield, maximum color of fruits and arils, as well as the lowest level of proline content among the shading treatments. The highest amount of total anthocyanin (55.13 mg/100 mL), total phenolics (34 mg GAE/100 mL) and vitamin C (21.32 mg/100 mL) was observed under white shade net 50% PAR.
Nayyereh Ghorbani; Esmaeil Chamani; Ali Akbar Shokoohian; Seyyedeh Sanaz Ramezanpour
Abstract
Biochemical diversity may result from geographic and environmental changes. In the present study, 16 ecotypes of yellow flag species were identified and collected through field studies. The identified ecotypes were then grouped into three populations based on their geographical locations. Eight biochemical ...
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Biochemical diversity may result from geographic and environmental changes. In the present study, 16 ecotypes of yellow flag species were identified and collected through field studies. The identified ecotypes were then grouped into three populations based on their geographical locations. Eight biochemical properties, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, and anthocyanin, were carefully measured by spectrophotometric methods. The biochemical traits were analyzed in a completely randomized design with three replications using SAS software and principal component analysis using SPSS software. The analysis of variance showed that all biochemical traits studied in the ecotypes of the yellow flag showed significant differences (p<0.05; p<0.01). Photosynthetic pigments were most frequently found in ecotype Q, phenol and flavonoids of ecotype K, ecotype O's antioxidant capacity, and ecotype L's anthocyanin content. The studied populations were divided into three main groups using cluster analysis. The results obtained from the correlation table of traits show that the most positive and significant correlations are related to chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll (r = 90%), total chlorophyll and carotenoids (r = 67%), as well as phenol content and flavonoid content (r = 56 %). The results indicate that the studied ecotypes have considerable diversity in terms of biochemical traits.
nayyereh Ghorbani; Hossein Moradi; Mehran Kanani; Mahboubeh Ashnavar
Abstract
Bellis perennis is an ornamental, medicinal plant with a beautiful appearance. The current study aimed to assess the potential of daisy flowers cv. ‘Habanera’ to synthesize secondary metabolites after being affected by nano-phosphorus. The experiment was performed using a completely randomized ...
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Bellis perennis is an ornamental, medicinal plant with a beautiful appearance. The current study aimed to assess the potential of daisy flowers cv. ‘Habanera’ to synthesize secondary metabolites after being affected by nano-phosphorus. The experiment was performed using a completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouse conditions. To achieve the research objectives, a range of parameters were observed, including total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and free radical scavenging activity in different organs (i.e. flower, leaf, and root), as well as photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanin, and quercetin contents. The results indicated that nano-phosphorus had significant effects on the said parameters (p< 0.05 and 0.01). Chlorophyll A, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids reached maximum content in response to the 1.5 g L-1 treatment. Nonetheless, the total phenol content in petals, free radical scavenging capacity, anthocyanin content and quercetin content were adversely affected by the nano-phosphorus treatment and, in fact, the said parameters showed higher contents in the control treatment. The application of nano-phosphorus fertilizer (3 g L-1) caused the highest flavonoid content in the leaves. At a concentration of 0.5 g L-1, it increased total flavonoid content and total phenols significantly in the roots. Phosphorus is necessary for producing primary and secondary metabolites, phospholipids, and nucleic acids in plants. Thus, its functions can vary greatly in plant organs.
Sahar Toupchizadeh Tabrizian; Jafar Hajilou; Sahebali Bolandnazar; Gholamreza Dehghan
Abstract
Strawberry is one of the most important commercial fruits. This research aimed to ameliorate the negative effects of water deficit stress using silicon application on strawberry. The experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design with three factors including cultivar (‘Selva’ ...
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Strawberry is one of the most important commercial fruits. This research aimed to ameliorate the negative effects of water deficit stress using silicon application on strawberry. The experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design with three factors including cultivar (‘Selva’ and ‘Gavioita’), Na2SiO3 (Sodium silicate) concentrations [0, 3, and 6 mM), as the source of silicon, and water deficit stress (40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of field capacity (FC)], in three replications. ‘Gavioita’ cultivar showed the highest superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in leaves under sever water deficit stress (40% of FC) following Na2SiO3 (3 and 6 mM concentrations) application. Application of Na2SiO3 at concentration of 6 mM increased the catalase enzyme activity significantly in the leaves of ‘Gavioita’cultivar under severe water deficit stress (40% of FC). The activity of peroxidase enzyme was enhanced considerably under 80% of FC and lower water deficit in the fruits of both cultivars. The fruit total anthocyanin level was increased significantly by application of Na2SiO3 at 3 and 6 mM concentrations under water deficit stress (60% of FC). Also, Na2SiO3 (at concentrations of 3 and 6 mM) enhanced the proline level significantly in ‘Gavioita’ cultivar compared to the control treatment under normal conditions (100% of FC). In conclusion, the results of present study indicated that application of Na2SiO3 at 6 mM concentration is useful treatment to cope with sever water deficit stress (40% of FC) especially in ‘Gavioita’ cultivar of strawbery
Gholamreza Malekshahi; Babak ValizadehKaji
Abstract
Regardless of the low respiration rate in pomegranate fruits, it is a greatly perishable product. An alternative to maintain quality and prolong the shelf life of pomegranate fruits could be edible coatings. In the present study, three different edible coatings including: 1% chitosan, 1000 mg L-1 thymol, ...
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Regardless of the low respiration rate in pomegranate fruits, it is a greatly perishable product. An alternative to maintain quality and prolong the shelf life of pomegranate fruits could be edible coatings. In the present study, three different edible coatings including: 1% chitosan, 1000 mg L-1 thymol, and their combined were investigated on the postharvest quality of pomegranate fruits. Changes in weight loss, fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), juice pH, anthocyanin, total phenolic, and flavonoids content, sensory characteristics and fungal decay incidence of fruits were evaluated during 30, 60, 90 and 120 days storage at 6 °C. The results showed that coated fruits with 1% chitosan + 1000 mg L-1 thymol significantly decreased weight loss and firmness than uncoated fruits. Furthermore, the coated fruits with 1% chitosan + 1000 mg L-1 thymol exhibited significantly higher anthocyanin, total phenolic, flavonoids content, and sensory characteristics than the control treatment. The minimum shelf-life (83.33 days) was observed in uncoated fruits, while the maximum shelf-life (108.33 days) was recorded in fruits coated with 1 % chitosan + 1000 mg L-1 thymol. Duration of storage had a significant effect on weight loss, firmness, juice pH, anthocyanin content, total phenolic content, flavonoids content, sensory characteristics, and decay, whereas there was no significant effect on TSS, TA, and TSS/TA. In conclusion, the combined application of chitosan and thymol can provide a useful alternative for shelf life extension of pomegranate fruits.
Marzieh Babashpour-Asl; Marzieh Piryaei
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the amount of flavonoids, anthocyanins, total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity of the peel and pulp of the quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) in the polar and nonpolar sub-fractions of methanol extracts with two extraction methods, Soxhlet and microwave. ...
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This study aimed to determine the amount of flavonoids, anthocyanins, total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity of the peel and pulp of the quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) in the polar and nonpolar sub-fractions of methanol extracts with two extraction methods, Soxhlet and microwave. The antioxidant properties were assessed by the ability to quench the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching assays. The results showed that the Soxhlet method extracted higher amount of the phytochemicals. In the DPPH system, the highest radical scavenging activity was seen by the polar sub-fraction of the methanol extract in the peel of quince fruit (IC50=52±7.3 μg/mL). Among all the extracts analyzed, the polar sub-fraction of the peel extract exhibited a significantly higher total flavonoid (62.33±3.1 mg CTE/100 g), anthocyanin (1.54±0.24 μg C-3-GE/100 mg fresh weight), phenolic content (108.14 μg GAE/mg) and antioxidant activity than other samples with Soxhlet extraction method. Fruit has a number of bioactive ingredients and many of them were concentrated in the peel of the fruit rather than the flesh. Therefore, enjoy the benefits that unpeeled fruit offers! The present study revealed that the peel of quince fruit has higher phytochemicals and antioxidant properties when compared to the pulp.
Bahareh Parsa Motlagh; Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam; Zabihollah Azami Sardooei
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of sowing date and intra rows spacing on yield, yield components and some phytochemical characteristics in Roselle, a field experiment was conducted as a split plot layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of sowing date and intra rows spacing on yield, yield components and some phytochemical characteristics in Roselle, a field experiment was conducted as a split plot layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Five sowing dates were considered as the main plots (11th and 30th of March, 14th of April, 5th and 22th of May) and three intra rows spacing were considered as the subplots (50, 75 and 100 cm). The results indicated that delayed sowing date significantly reduced plant height, number of bolls, number of branches per plant, calyx dry weight, calyx yield, seed yield and biomass yield. Plant height, calyx yield, seed yield and biomass yield were increased by reducing intra rows spacing. Reducing the intra rows spacing caused decrease in number of branches, number of bolls, seed weight, calyx and plant dry weights. Anthocyanin and vitamin C were significantly reduced by delaying in sowing date. Although sowing dates had no significant effect on total phenol but antioxidants were influenced by sowing date. Furthermore, intra rows spacing did not caused any significant effect on phytochemical traits of Roselle. Based on the obtained results, it seems sowing hibiscus tea in the late of March to mid-May and 50 cm intra rows spacing, under hot and dry climate condition would be suitable for increase the final yield of Roselle.
Mehdi Hadadinejad; Kamran Ghasemi; Amir Ali Mohammadi
Abstract
Blackberry is a highly perishable fruit and its quality decreases very quickly during postharvest period. In this research, two types of container including: oriented poly styrene (OPS), a petroleum-based material, and oriented poly corn starch (OPCS), a bio-based material, was analyzed over 14 days ...
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Blackberry is a highly perishable fruit and its quality decreases very quickly during postharvest period. In this research, two types of container including: oriented poly styrene (OPS), a petroleum-based material, and oriented poly corn starch (OPCS), a bio-based material, was analyzed over 14 days to determine their effects on shelf life of thornless blackberry. Packages were placed in freezer (0˚C), refrigerator (4˚C) and room (25˚C) temperatures in a factorial format based on completely randomized design. Results showed a strong positive correlation between fruit weight and marketability (R2 = 0.726). It was confirm that fruit weight loss and shriveling can be an important reason for marketability reduction in blackberry. Blackberries were survived for 14 days at 0˚C, 8 days at 4˚C and only 3 days at room temperature. A downward trend was observed for pH, TA and TSS during the storage as well as for fruit taste and visual color. Fruits TSS was decreased regardless of the packaging materials and storage. Blackberries that were kept in OPS had significantly higher marketability and lower weight loss in comparison with OPCS that caused a reduction in fruit visual color and marketability. Results indicated that OPCS permeability caused higher fruit weight loss in comparison with other treatments. Blackberries in OPCS container had the highest amount of phenolic components following 14 days at 0˚C, which was significantly more than amount of phenolic components of fruits in OPS container. Compared to OPS, OPCS container did not make any improving in its characteristics to reduce fruit water loss that can be possible by using Nano clay particles.
