Anjaly Shankar M; Rachna Sehrawat; Sunil Pareek; Prabhat K Nema
Abstract
Mushrooms are characterized as the fruiting bodies of fungi and are fruitful source of high-quality protein and vitamins with low calories. Among the three most cultivated species, the oyster mushroom stands with limited shelf life (2-3 days at refrigerated conditions). Elevated quotients of browning ...
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Mushrooms are characterized as the fruiting bodies of fungi and are fruitful source of high-quality protein and vitamins with low calories. Among the three most cultivated species, the oyster mushroom stands with limited shelf life (2-3 days at refrigerated conditions). Elevated quotients of browning reaction and restricted shelf life obliges the preservation of species as a matter of concern. A suitable pre-treatment along with the drying method is very important to retain the bioactive compounds of oyster mushroom. Pre-treatment optimization prior to oyster mushroom drying was carried out in two steps which involved individual and combined effects of blanching (70 to 90 oC) and chemical treatments. Thereafter, it was dried in a recently developed multi-mode novel drying unit under hot air and vacuum drying (50-70oC) conditions. Pre-treatment with citric acid and blanching at 80 oC for 2 min resulted in the lowest residual activity of polyphenol oxidase. Retention of phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid and antioxidant compounds were higher in the samples dried using vacuum drying. Increase in temperature from 50 to 70 oC significantly decreased the bioactive compounds and colour of vacuum dried samples. In samples dried using hot air-drying, the higher retention of bioactive compounds and colour was obtained at 60 oC as compared to 70 oC and 50 oC. Page model was found to be the best fitted model among the different models studied. Analysis inferred the usefulness of optimised pre-treatment and vacuum drying technique at low temperature for drying of oyster mushrooms.Abbreviations: AA, Ascorbic acid; BI, Browning index CA, Citric acid; FRAP, Ferric reducing antioxidant power; KMS, Potassium metabisulphite; MR, Moisture ratio; PPO, Polyphenol oxidase; RR, Rehydration ratio; RSA, Radical scavenging activity; TFC, Total flavonoid content; TPC, Total phenol content
Md. Farid Hossain
Abstract
To investigate the effects of organic fertilizers and irrigation frequencies on yield and quality of cherry tomato an experiment was conducted using six fertilizer doses including control (no fertilizer), NPK fertilizer (urea at 300 kg, TSP 200 kg and MoP 250 kg), cow-dung at 5 t ha-1, cow-dung at 10 ...
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To investigate the effects of organic fertilizers and irrigation frequencies on yield and quality of cherry tomato an experiment was conducted using six fertilizer doses including control (no fertilizer), NPK fertilizer (urea at 300 kg, TSP 200 kg and MoP 250 kg), cow-dung at 5 t ha-1, cow-dung at 10 t ha-1, poultry manure at 5 t ha-1 and poultry manure at 10 t ha-1 with two levels of irrigation frequencies including alternate day irrigation and two day interval irrigation in a split plot design with three replications. Data on yield and quality attributes of cherry tomato like plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant (g), yield (t ha-1), TSS (%) and vitamin C contents (mg 100 g-1) were recorded. Results revealed that poultry manure had significant effects on the yield and quality of cherry tomato. Among the fertilizer treatments, poultry manure at 5 t ha-1 showed the best results on yield and quality of cherry tomato. On the other hand, cherry tomato showed best performance in relation to yield and quality when field was irrigated in one-day interval. It can be concluded that application of poultry litter at 5 t ha-1 in combination with one day interval result in highest yield and quality on cherry tomato.
Bahareh Parsa Motlagh; Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam; Zabihollah Azami Sardooei
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of sowing date and intra rows spacing on yield, yield components and some phytochemical characteristics in Roselle, a field experiment was conducted as a split plot layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of sowing date and intra rows spacing on yield, yield components and some phytochemical characteristics in Roselle, a field experiment was conducted as a split plot layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Five sowing dates were considered as the main plots (11th and 30th of March, 14th of April, 5th and 22th of May) and three intra rows spacing were considered as the subplots (50, 75 and 100 cm). The results indicated that delayed sowing date significantly reduced plant height, number of bolls, number of branches per plant, calyx dry weight, calyx yield, seed yield and biomass yield. Plant height, calyx yield, seed yield and biomass yield were increased by reducing intra rows spacing. Reducing the intra rows spacing caused decrease in number of branches, number of bolls, seed weight, calyx and plant dry weights. Anthocyanin and vitamin C were significantly reduced by delaying in sowing date. Although sowing dates had no significant effect on total phenol but antioxidants were influenced by sowing date. Furthermore, intra rows spacing did not caused any significant effect on phytochemical traits of Roselle. Based on the obtained results, it seems sowing hibiscus tea in the late of March to mid-May and 50 cm intra rows spacing, under hot and dry climate condition would be suitable for increase the final yield of Roselle.
Taher Barzegar; Pouria Moradi; Jaefar Nikbakht; Zahra Ghahremani
Abstract
To investigate effects of putrescine (Put) and humic acid (HA) on fruit yield and physiological attributes of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. 'Kano') under water deficit stress, a field experiment was conducted in split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plants ...
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To investigate effects of putrescine (Put) and humic acid (HA) on fruit yield and physiological attributes of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. 'Kano') under water deficit stress, a field experiment was conducted in split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plants were exposed to three different irrigation regimes (33%, 66% and 100% ETc) and were treated with foliar application of Put (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM) and HA (0, 150 and 300 mg l-1). The results showed that deficit irrigation significantly decreased fruit yield, relative water content (RWC), vitamin C and water use efficiency (WUE), whereas proline content and catalase and peroxidase activities were increased. Foliar application of HA and Put significantly increased fruit yield, RWC, vitamin C and proline contents, catalase and peroxidase activities and WUE. The results suggested that HA at 300 mg l-1 and Put at 1.5 mM can improve growth, yield and quality of okra fruits.
Saeid Eshghi; Loghman Salehi; Mohamad Javad Karami
Abstract
Grapes are significant sources of nutritional antioxidants as well as biologically active dietary components. This study was carried out to determine the amount of total phenols, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of 35 grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars grown in Fars province (Iran). Ripened ...
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Grapes are significant sources of nutritional antioxidants as well as biologically active dietary components. This study was carried out to determine the amount of total phenols, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of 35 grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars grown in Fars province (Iran). Ripened bunches were randomly harvested from grapevine collection in Zarghan (Fars province, Iran) Agricultural Research Center, and then were transferred to the laboratory. Berry size (length, diameter, and weight), skin weight, acidity, vitamin C, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, phenols, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The results showed that total phenols, anthocyanin and antioxidant activity in the berries varied among the investigated cultivars. ‘Gandome Uromia’ (Red, 64) and ‘Rishbaba Uromia’ (Red, 75) cultivars had the highest values of antioxidant activity and total phenols. The lowest amount of phenol was obtained from ‘Divaneh Kashmar’ (White, 135) cultivar. Anthocyanin and antioxidant activity were the lowest in ‘Jeshnion Bavanat’ (White, 105) cultivar. Antioxidant activity had a positive significant correlation with amount of phenols and anthocyanin. In general, it was found that different cultivars in this study had a vast range of antioxidant activity from 14.55 to 66.47%.
