Khaled Elmeer; Zenib Suliman; Latifa Al-Latifi; Nora Alhashimi; Ateea Alamami
Abstract
In the Libyan Green Mountains, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different elevations and topography on the genetic variation and chemical composition of Spartium junceum. The results indicated a significant difference among the antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and flavonoid ...
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In the Libyan Green Mountains, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different elevations and topography on the genetic variation and chemical composition of Spartium junceum. The results indicated a significant difference among the antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and flavonoid content of flower extracts obtained from the genotypes of different regions. The total phenol content ranged from 22.74 to 31.66 mg GAE g-1, whereas the flavonoid content ranged from 7.35 to 10.74 mg CE g-1 DW. The antioxidant efficiency appeared variable among the flower extracts, ranging between 66.81-91.55 μM Trolox equivalents (TE) g-1 of dry matter. Genetic variation was examined by inter-simple sequence repeats, showing a mean value of 0.26 in gene diversity, and a mean value of 0.21 in polymorphism information content. A total of 26 bands were observed, with an average of 3.25 bands per primer, while 50% of the bands were polymorphic. The most effective primers were BT01, BT09, and BT11, which generated four bands. The least effective primer was BT10, which generated only two bands. Phylogenetic relationships between the genotypes divided the samples into two main groups according to geographical location.
Rasoul Heydarnajad Giglou; Mousa Torabi Giglou
Abstract
Cape gooseberry is a climacteric, temperature-sensitive fruit from the Solanaceae family. Its quality and quantity are characterized by phenolic and antioxidant substances, the stability of which depends on temperature and storage conditions. In this research, the effects of calyx cover (fruits without ...
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Cape gooseberry is a climacteric, temperature-sensitive fruit from the Solanaceae family. Its quality and quantity are characterized by phenolic and antioxidant substances, the stability of which depends on temperature and storage conditions. In this research, the effects of calyx cover (fruits without calyx cover and fruits covered with calyx) and storage conditions were evaluated on the storage life of Cape gooseberry fruits. For this purpose, the fruits were kept in with and without calyx conditions at three temperature levels of 10, 15, and 20 °C for 30 days. The results showed that, at the end of storage, the titratable acidity, total soluble solids, vitamin C, total flavonoid, and total antioxidants decreased significantly. However, total phenol content and flavor index increased during the storage period. The increase in total flavor and phenol content during storage can be due to a significant reduction in the titratable acidity (as reflected in the flavor index), because of cellular destruction and cold damage. In addition, at the end of the storage period, the calyx-covered fruits which were stored at 10 °C had good physicochemical and antioxidant qualities. The highest titratable acidity (0.633%), soluble solids (14.96%), vitamin C, and total antioxidants (59.33%) were observed in fruits covered with calyx at 10 °C. Also, the results of this study showed that storing berries at cooler temperatures increased the shelf life and maintained the quality of the Cape gooseberry.
Mohsen Azadbakht; Mohammad Vahedi Torshizi; Mohammad Javad Mahmoodi; Ahmad Abbaszadeh-Mayvan
Abstract
The current study was aimed to evaluate the physiological properties of pear influenced by two dynamics of loading force and the storage time. In this experiment, the pears were subjected to dynamic loading (300, 350 and 400 g) and different storage periods (5, 10 and 15 d). The amounts of fruit total ...
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The current study was aimed to evaluate the physiological properties of pear influenced by two dynamics of loading force and the storage time. In this experiment, the pears were subjected to dynamic loading (300, 350 and 400 g) and different storage periods (5, 10 and 15 d). The amounts of fruit total phenol, antioxidant and Vitamin C contents were evaluated after each storage period. In the present study, multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network featuring a hidden layer and two activating functions (hyperbolic tangent-sigmoid) and a total number of 5 and 10 neurons in each layer were selected for the loading force and storage period so that the amounts of the total phenol, antioxidants and Vitamin C contents of the fruits could be forecasted. According to the obtained results, the highest R2 for dynamic loading in a network with 5 neurons in the hidden layer and a sigmoid activation function were obtained for total phenol content (R2 = 0.980), antioxidant (R2 = 0.983) and Vitamin C (R2 = 0.930). Additionally, considering the value of Epoch and Run for the network, the ability of the neural network to predict total phenol, antioxidant and Vitamin C contents can be used. According to the obtained results, the neural network with these two activation functions possesses an appropriate ability in overlapping and predicting the simulated data based on real data.
Saadat Sarikhani; Kourosh Vahdati; Wilco Ligterink
Abstract
Evaluation of genetic diversity and identification of superior genotypes is a fundamental stepin walnut breeding programs. In addition, information on biochemical properties of superiorgenotypes can help walnut breeders to release commercial varieties with high kernel quality.To gain more information ...
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Evaluation of genetic diversity and identification of superior genotypes is a fundamental stepin walnut breeding programs. In addition, information on biochemical properties of superiorgenotypes can help walnut breeders to release commercial varieties with high kernel quality.To gain more information on superior genotypes, a walnut population located in southwest ofIran was morphologically evaluated from 2010 to 2016. Based on important walnut breedingtraits, nine superior walnut genotypes were selected from a total of 612 tested genotypes.These genotypes were characterized by high yield, moderate to late-leafing, lateral bearing,thin shell and large nuts with light and extra-light kernel color. Biochemical traits of theselected superior genotypes were evaluated for two consecutive years (2017 and 2018) and ahigh variation was observed among genotypes in respect of oil, protein and total phenolcontents. Oil, protein and phenol contents of walnut kernels ranged between 57.9 to 69.6%,13.0 to18.1% and 46.6 to 61.5 mg GAE g-1, respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA),monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) constituted on average63.8%, 26.7% and 9.7% of fatty acid content, respectively. There was a negative correlationbetween some phenological traits and oil and protein contents. Lateral bearing genotypes haddarker kernels with higher amounts of saturated fatty acids. In general, the selected walnutgenotypes not only are superior in various aspects of phenotypic characteristics, but also havehigh kernel quality and nutritional value which can be used as a source of desirable genes forfuture walnut breeding programs.
Gholamreza Malekshahi; Babak ValizadehKaji
Abstract
Regardless of the low respiration rate in pomegranate fruits, it is a greatly perishable product. An alternative to maintain quality and prolong the shelf life of pomegranate fruits could be edible coatings. In the present study, three different edible coatings including: 1% chitosan, 1000 mg L-1 thymol, ...
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Regardless of the low respiration rate in pomegranate fruits, it is a greatly perishable product. An alternative to maintain quality and prolong the shelf life of pomegranate fruits could be edible coatings. In the present study, three different edible coatings including: 1% chitosan, 1000 mg L-1 thymol, and their combined were investigated on the postharvest quality of pomegranate fruits. Changes in weight loss, fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), juice pH, anthocyanin, total phenolic, and flavonoids content, sensory characteristics and fungal decay incidence of fruits were evaluated during 30, 60, 90 and 120 days storage at 6 °C. The results showed that coated fruits with 1% chitosan + 1000 mg L-1 thymol significantly decreased weight loss and firmness than uncoated fruits. Furthermore, the coated fruits with 1% chitosan + 1000 mg L-1 thymol exhibited significantly higher anthocyanin, total phenolic, flavonoids content, and sensory characteristics than the control treatment. The minimum shelf-life (83.33 days) was observed in uncoated fruits, while the maximum shelf-life (108.33 days) was recorded in fruits coated with 1 % chitosan + 1000 mg L-1 thymol. Duration of storage had a significant effect on weight loss, firmness, juice pH, anthocyanin content, total phenolic content, flavonoids content, sensory characteristics, and decay, whereas there was no significant effect on TSS, TA, and TSS/TA. In conclusion, the combined application of chitosan and thymol can provide a useful alternative for shelf life extension of pomegranate fruits.
Babak ValizadehKaji; Ahmadreza Abbasifar; Hossein Bagheri; Golnar Zandievakili; Atieh Daryabeigi
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the stenting (grafted cutting) propagation of commercial pomegranate cultivars as scions on drought tolerant genotypes as rootstocks. The effect of drought stress on nine pomegranate rootstocks was analyzed. Cultivars including ‘Daneshgah 13’, ‘Daneshgah ...
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the stenting (grafted cutting) propagation of commercial pomegranate cultivars as scions on drought tolerant genotypes as rootstocks. The effect of drought stress on nine pomegranate rootstocks was analyzed. Cultivars including ‘Daneshgah 13’, ‘Daneshgah 32’ and ‘Daneshgah 8’ that were used as rootstocks showed the maximum drought tolerance among the studied cultivars; therefore, these three rootstocks were used to investigate the stenting propagation. Furthermore, three pomegranate cultivars including ‘Malas Saveh’, ‘Robab’ and ‘Bihasteh’ were used as scions. The highest percentage of graft success (58.88%) was obtained from grafting on ‘Daneshgah 13’. In addition, the highest percentage of graft success (84.22) was found in ‘Robab’. ‘Robab’ and ‘Malas Saveh’ had the longest shoot (11.50-11.93 cm) and highest shoot fresh weight (33.66-35.00 g) when grafted on ‘Daneshgah 13’. ‘Daneshgah 13’ had higher shoot dry weight (5.47 g) compared to the other rootstocks. Regarding the scion cultivars, ‘Robab’ and ‘Malas Saveh’ showed higher shoot dry weight (6.76-6.96 g) in comparison with ‘Bihasteh’. Using ‘Daneshgah 13’ as rootstock resulted in the highest content of chlorophyll a (18.11 mg/g), chlorophyll b (8.02 mg/g) and total chlorophyll (26.13 mg/g) in the scion leaves. ‘Robab’ and ‘Malas Saveh’ had highest content of chlorophyll a (18.11-18.33 mg/g), chlorophyll b (8.58-8.62 mg/g) and total chlorophyll (26.73-26.92 mg/g) among the scion cultivars. In all three rootstocks, a negative correlation was observed between the total phenolic content and the percentage of graft success. In addition, there was a negative correlation between the total phenolic content and the percentage of graft success in ‘Bihasteh’ scion.
Mohsen Azadbakht; Mohammad Javad Mahmoodi; Mohammad Vahedi Torshizi
Abstract
Nowadays, due to the necessity of increasing quality awareness in the food sector and its health, the non-destructive computed tomography (CT) method, which is one of the most widely used methods because of the ability to detect internal bruise in a non-destructive way, attracted so much attention. By ...
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Nowadays, due to the necessity of increasing quality awareness in the food sector and its health, the non-destructive computed tomography (CT) method, which is one of the most widely used methods because of the ability to detect internal bruise in a non-destructive way, attracted so much attention. By using the non-destructive CT method a total of 81 healthy pears was selected and then subjected to quasi-static and dynamical loading. The experiment was performed on wide edge quasi-static pressure of 70, 100, 130 N and thin edge of 15, 20, 25 N and dynamic load of 300, 350, 400 g and storage period for 5, 10 and 15 days, to investigate the different effects of loading forces and storage periods on the percentage of the bruise and its relation with the qualitative properties such as phenol, antioxidant and vitamin C contents and firmness. The results of the experiments showed that the highest and lowest percentages of the bruise were related to a load of 400 N of 15 days and a 15 N 5-day thin line with values of 47.36 and 0.007, respectively. The highest and lowest physiological values were 15 N load of the 5-day thin edge and the 400 N of 15-day impact. Finally, the highest antioxidant content was 51.5% for 300 g dynamic loading force and 5- day storage, 28.86 mg/100g phenol for loading force of 70 N wide edge and 5 day storage and 7.4 mg/100ml vitamin C for loading force of 70 N wide edge and 5 day storage. Finally, according to the obtained results, there was an inverse relationship between the amount of bruising and chemical properties of pear.
Tahereh Raiesi; Bijan Moradi; Javad Fatahi Moghadam
Abstract
Kiwifruit requires a high quantity of nutrients that must be supplied through fertilization to obtain an optimum yield on a sustainable basis. This research was conducted to evaluate different fertilization methods including broadcast application (as control), deep placement of the fertilizer and fertigation, ...
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Kiwifruit requires a high quantity of nutrients that must be supplied through fertilization to obtain an optimum yield on a sustainable basis. This research was conducted to evaluate different fertilization methods including broadcast application (as control), deep placement of the fertilizer and fertigation, alone or in combination with foliar application and their effects on the yield, leaf mineral contents, and some quality properties of kiwifruit (A. deliciosa cv. Hayward). Results showed that fertilization methods had a significant effect on yield and the highest level of yield (76 Kg tree-1) was obtained in the combination of fertigation with foliar spray. In addition, foliar application significantly increased leaf mineral contents of kiwifruit in all treatments. Furthermore, the fertilization method had significant effects on phenol, ascorbic acid contents, and antioxidant capacity of fruits. The highest levels of antioxidant (70.9%), phenol (103.6 mg 100g-1), and ascorbic acid (54.2 mg 100 g-1) in fruits were recorded in ‘soil application’ method. Total soluble carbohydrate and starch contents of the fruits were reduced following foliar nutrition in all treatments. However, foliar nutrition significantly increased fruit crude protein. In conclusion, based on obtained results, fertilization method directly influenced the yield and leaf mineral status and indirectly influenced the fruit chemical composition of Hayward kiwifruit. In fact, the supplemental foliar application reduced some fruit quality attributes (lower antioxidant activity and carbohydrate content) but enhanced the yield of kiwifruit.
Seyedeh Faezeh Taghizadeh; Ahmad Asgharzadeh; Javad Asili; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Abolfazl Shakeri
Abstract
Mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb L.) is an important rootstock for P. avium and P. cerasus cultivars. The present study has compared the phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of the barks, leaves and fruits of ten selected mahaleb genotypes. The total phenolic content (5.11-131.77 ...
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Mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb L.) is an important rootstock for P. avium and P. cerasus cultivars. The present study has compared the phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of the barks, leaves and fruits of ten selected mahaleb genotypes. The total phenolic content (5.11-131.77 mg GA g-1) in barks and the total flavonoid (54.06-180.6 mg QE g-1) and proanthocyanidin (8.89-25.33 mg CA g-1) contents in fruits were greater than the other parts of the plants. The maximum contents of total phenol and total proanthocyanidin were in the stem bark and fruit of the genotype '249' (131.77 mg GA g-1, 25.33 mg CA g-1, respectively), while the maximum contents of flavonoid, and anthocyanin were in the fruits of genotype 271 (180.6 mg QE g-1 and 260.81 mg CY g-1, respectively). Antioxidant activity of the samples was determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay (RPA). The antioxidant activity was the highest with the genotype '249', which showed 80.9% and 89.3% in DPPH and RPA assays, respectively. This study showed that total phenolic, flavonoid, proanthocyanidin, and anthocyanin contents were affected by mahaleb genotypes. This information may be of assistance in the production of mahaleb genotypes with maximum levels of desired phenolic.
