Narges Mehri; Mehdi Mohebodini; Mahdi Behnamian; Karim Farmanpour-Kalalagh
Abstract
Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is one of the most important plants in terms of medicine and economics in the world. Breeding of black cumin genotypes by using biotechnology and phytochemistry has always been an important area of different studies. In this study, 24 ISSR molecular markers were used to ...
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Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is one of the most important plants in terms of medicine and economics in the world. Breeding of black cumin genotypes by using biotechnology and phytochemistry has always been an important area of different studies. In this study, 24 ISSR molecular markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of Iranian black cumin genotypes. The primers produced a total number of 223 bands, of which 155 were polymorphic bands (indicating 69% polymorphism). By analyzing the similarity matrix based on the simple matching similarity coefficient, the similarity ranged from 0.46 to 0.84. The genotypes were classified into three main groups in the phylogenetic dendrogram, which was based on the similarity matrix and UPGMA algorithm. The average of Polymorphism Information Content, Marker Index, Resolving power, and Observed number of alleles, Effective number of alleles, Nei’s gene diversity, and Shannon's information index were 0.26, 1.56, 3.07, 15.79, 13.72, 0.26, and 0.38, respectively. In analyzing the population structure, when the K value was adjusted to range from 2 to 10, two subpopulations were revealed. However, there was a degree of inconsistency when comparing the results of the phylogenetic dendrogram with those of the population structure. The results of this study can expand future inquiries into the assessments of germplasms and provide opportunities for breeding black cumin genotypes.
Hamed Ebrahimzadeh; Mahmoud Lotfi; Mohammad Sadat-Hosseini
Abstract
Doubled haploid method via parthenogenesis induction still remained prominent in Cucurbitaceae breeding due to drastic reduction in time and cost of newly released lines. In this study, different doses of Gamma ray (25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 Gy) were used to irradiate pollen grains for induction of parthenogenetic ...
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Doubled haploid method via parthenogenesis induction still remained prominent in Cucurbitaceae breeding due to drastic reduction in time and cost of newly released lines. In this study, different doses of Gamma ray (25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 Gy) were used to irradiate pollen grains for induction of parthenogenetic haploid embryos in oilseed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. ‘Styriaca’). Parthenogenetic embryos at different developmental stages were rescued in vitro and 348 plants were obtained, of which 134 were recognized as haploid by ploidy analysis. The highest rate of haploid plants was obtained from globular (25.3%) and torpedo (23.8% plants) embryos followed by arrow-tip (13.4%), torpedo (10.5%), stick (10.5%), heart (9%), and cotyledonary (7.5%), respectively. All doses, except 200 Gy, were effective for induction of embryos and haploid plants; in a way that the highest number of haploids was obtained by 100 Gy. Our results indicated that parthenogenetic haploid embryos could be efficiently induced in C. pepo if proper Gamma ray dose and developmental stage of embryos are selected.
Ghasem Esmaeili; Majid Azizi; Hossein Arouiee; Jamil Vaezi
Abstract
The morphological specifications play a substantial role in classification and breeding programs of various plant taxa. In the current study, some macro- and micro-morphological features of Salvia nemorosa, Salvia syriaca, Salvia frigida and Salvia virgata (three accessions), were investigated using ...
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The morphological specifications play a substantial role in classification and breeding programs of various plant taxa. In the current study, some macro- and micro-morphological features of Salvia nemorosa, Salvia syriaca, Salvia frigida and Salvia virgata (three accessions), were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and image analysis program. The completely randomized design (CRD) was used to compare the morphological properties (r=4). Macro-morphological and agronomical measurements showed that Salvia species have great potential for cultivation as medicinal and ornamental plants. The cluster analysis suggested that S. virgata and S. frigida located in the same group; on the other side, S. syriaca and S. nemorosa had more similarity. The micro-morphological results showed that glandular trichomes (GTs) and non-glandular trichomes (NGTs) were widely distributed over the leaf and flower surfaces. The peltate GTs with high-density covered sepal and petal and were observed with low density on the leaves. The comparison with different species showed that the highest size and density of GTs belonged to Salvia virgata. The GTs are large and cover a significant portion of the flower surface (3.85-18.45%). The multicellular GTs were observed in S. nemorosa and S. virgata A1 and A2. The uniseriate and multicellular NGTs covered the adaxial leaf surface in different species. Besides, relative variation in GTs was observed in the three studied S. virgata accessions (15.33- 30.58 trichomes per mm2), which indicates the role of environmental conditions in trichomes formation. A wide range of variation in most of the micro- and macro-morphological traits of Salvia genotypes observed in cultivated condition.
Akram Ansari; Ali Gharaghani
Abstract
By applying multivariate statistical analysis, this research aimed to estimate the heritability and find relationships between the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of Prunus scoparia and Prunus elaeagnifolia. Twenty genotypes of each species were selected randomly from cultivated populations ...
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By applying multivariate statistical analysis, this research aimed to estimate the heritability and find relationships between the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of Prunus scoparia and Prunus elaeagnifolia. Twenty genotypes of each species were selected randomly from cultivated populations and twenty-two traits including the tree, leaf, flower, nut and kernel attributes were measured. Results showed that there were high levels of genotypic and phenotypic variations among the genotypes of both species. Many of the measurements pertaining to the leaf, flower, nut and kernel, showed very high heritability (H2 >90%) in both species, whilst some traits such as shoot diameter in P. scoparia and kernel moisture in both species had very lower heritability (H2 <50%). Generally, the heritability of measured traits in P. elaeagnifolia were higher than those of P. scoparia, especially foreconomically important traits including yield (H2 = 94 and H2 = 54.61, respectively in P. elaeagnifolia and P. scoparia), nut weight (H2 = 97.83 and H2 = 85.39.61, respectively in P. elaeagnifolia and P. scoparia) and oil percentage (H2 = 75.55 and H2 = 61.43, respectively in P. elaeagnifolia and P. scoparia). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the most influential factors on yield of P. scoparia, were the fruit set, flower diameter and leaf length, whilst for the P. elaeagnifolia, the yield was mostly determined by fruit set and leaf area. The high genetic diversity and heritability of the studied traits, indicates high genetic potential of this germplasm to be utilized in future breeding programs.
Azam Nikbakht Dehkordi; Nadali Babaeian; Sajede Karimpour; Pedro Martinez-Gomez; Manuel Rubio; Nadali Bagheri
Abstract
Plum pox or sharka, a viral disease caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), severely affects the production of Prunus species in Europe. The first evidence of sharka was reported in Iran in 2000 . Due to the economic impact of this disease on crop production, recent advances in the term of biology, epidemiology, ...
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Plum pox or sharka, a viral disease caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), severely affects the production of Prunus species in Europe. The first evidence of sharka was reported in Iran in 2000 . Due to the economic impact of this disease on crop production, recent advances in the term of biology, epidemiology, and disease management are provided in this paper to assure awareness among growers and professionals involved in Prunus production. This study will provide fundamental knowledge about this virus to guaranty the successful detection and controlling of sharka disease in Iran.
