Majid Pourrahimi; Seyed Ahmad Sadat-Noori; Fatemeh Amini; Hossein Ramshini
Abstract
We selected ten Ajowan parents (Carum copticum L.) from a genetically diverse population to evaluate gene effects, heritability, and correlations among their morphological traits. We poly-crossed the parents to produce half-sib genotypes. The evaluations comprised the number of days to flowering, plant ...
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We selected ten Ajowan parents (Carum copticum L.) from a genetically diverse population to evaluate gene effects, heritability, and correlations among their morphological traits. We poly-crossed the parents to produce half-sib genotypes. The evaluations comprised the number of days to flowering, plant height, number of fertile branches, number of umbrellas per plant, number of seeds per umbel, seed yield per plant, harvest index, essential oil percentage, and essential oil yield. Parents and polycross progeny seeds grew in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the University of Tehran, 2015-2017. The results showed broad-sense heritability ranged from 0.64 to 0.96 in parents and their progenies. Narrow-sense heritability appeared through the regression of progenies on the parents (h2po) and via progeny analysis (h2n), suggesting that additive genes control these traits. The correlation of seed yield with plant height, number of fertile branches, number of umbrellas per plant, and number of seeds per umbel were positive and significant. The results indicated a significant negative correlation between thymol and γ- terpinene in parents and half-sib families. We reported wide variations and high heritability for most of the evaluated traits in the ajowan populations that can improve seed and essential oil yields.
Ali Izadi-Darbandi; Azam Akbari; Keivan Bahmani; Ryan Warner; Mohsen Ebrahimi; Hossein Ramshini
Abstract
In this study, 50 Iranian fennel landraces from different phenological types, were evaluated for their oil content and fatty acid profile. Landraces were categorized into three phenological groups: Late (180 days), Medium (140 days) and early maturity habit (110 days). The highest fatty acid content ...
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In this study, 50 Iranian fennel landraces from different phenological types, were evaluated for their oil content and fatty acid profile. Landraces were categorized into three phenological groups: Late (180 days), Medium (140 days) and early maturity habit (110 days). The highest fatty acid content among the early, medium, and late maturity types were detected in Hamedan (19.5%), Marvdasht (23%), and Sari (21%) consequently. The highest yield of oil per square meter among the early, medium, and late maturity types were detected in Fasa (65.3 ml/m2), Meshkin Shahr (92.5 ml/m2), and Sari (71.4 ml/m2), consequently. The main component of fatty acid profile were, petroselinic/ oleic acid (52-64%), linoleic acid (26-39%), palmitic acid (0.3-4.1%), stearic acid (1.3-2.4%), linolenic acid (0.6-3.6%), and myristic acid (0.35-1.07%). It was observed that landraces with high petroselinic and oleic acid content originated from arias with a dry and warm environment, while landraces with high linoleic acid content originated from regions with a humid and cool climate. This pattern shows potential evolutionary adaption of biochemical pathways to the environmental condition. Our data showed that fennel oil contains a lower ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids, and a higher ratio of monounsaturated to polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids. In conclusion, our result indicated that bitter fennel, furthermore of a medicinal plant, has a high potential for oil production with a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids, and is a good candidate as at least a new table oil crop.
Hossein Astaraki; Hossein Ramshini; Mahmoud Lotfi; Ali Izadi Darbandi
Abstract
Development of cultivars with high yield under normal conditions and maintaining their yield under abiotic stresses is the main purpose of plant breeding programs in arid and semi-arid areas. The present study aimed to evaluate the yield stability of a collection of commercial melon varieties under drought ...
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Development of cultivars with high yield under normal conditions and maintaining their yield under abiotic stresses is the main purpose of plant breeding programs in arid and semi-arid areas. The present study aimed to evaluate the yield stability of a collection of commercial melon varieties under drought stress. The trial was conducted in a field under normal conditions (plants were irrigated after 50 mm evaporation of a class A evaporation pan) and drought stress conditions (irrigation was carried out after 100 mm evaporation of a class A evaporation pan). In average, 3.32 kg fruit/plant and 2.76 kg fruit/plant were obtained under normal and drought stress conditions, respectively. The highest reduction in yield as the consequence of drought exposure was recorded for 'Mazandarani' (52%) and 'Samsoori' (48%). The most drought-tolerant genotypes were 'Mamaghani', 'Nahavandi', 'Shadegan', 'Crenshaw' and 'Suski-e-Sabz' as they had constant yield under both growing conditions. On the other hand, 'Samsoori' and 'Saveh' were the most sensitive genotypes to drought. For most of the measured traits, the values of broad-sense heritability were over 0.50 i.e. there was a large genetic diversity among melon genotypes. This variation can be utilized for selecting high potential fruit yield and drought-tolerant genotypes. Total soluble solids (TSS) (ºBrix) was 15.2% for 'Honey-Dew'. TSS (ºBrix) was obtained 10.7, 10.09, and 9.2% for Iranian genotypes of 'Khatooni', 'Samsoori', and 'Saveh', respectively. In conclusion, although some Iranian melon genotypes were recognized as drought tolerant, they need to be improved for TSS (ºBrix).
