Document Type : Review paper
Author
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Central Mindanao University, Philippines
Abstract
Phytohormones are naturally-occurring substances produced by plants which promote vegetative and reproductive development and senescence. Similar to other crops, phytohormones affect the flowering and fruit development of pineapple. This writing provides an overview on the association and effects of phytohormones in pineapple flowering and fruit development. The effects of phytohormones are integrated and discussed in three sections: 1) flower induction in pineapple, 2) flower initiation and flowering in pineapple, and 3) pineapple fruit development. Based on the findings of multiple research, phytohormones involved in pineapple inflorescence initiation and inflorescence development include auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, and abscisic acid (ABA). Auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin are known as phytohormones that improve the fruit size and quality of pineapple. These sets of information can serve as a guide to commercial pineapple growers in formulating a low-cost input of technology for pineapple production.
Keywords
Augusto G, da Cunha P. 2005. Applied aspects of pineapple flowering. Bragantia Revista de Ciencias Agronomicas 64(4), 499-516.
Augusto G, da Cunha P, Reinhardt, DH. 2004. Inhibiting natural flowering on pineapple. ISHS Newsletter of the Pineapple Working Group 11, 17.
Bartholomew DP, Malezieux E, Sanewski GM, Sinclair E. 2003. “Inflorescence and fruit development and yield,” in The Pineapple: Botany, Production and Uses, Ed. D. P. Bartholomew, R. E. Paull, K. G. Rohrbach. New York, USA: CABI Publishing, 167-202.
Bernier G, Havelange A, Houssa C, Petitjean A, Lejeune P. 1993. Physiological signals that induce flowering. The Plant Cell 5, 1147-1155.
Bhowmick N, Suresh CP, Paul PK, Ranjit K, Pal K, Deb P, Gurung S. 2010. Effect of ethrel on fruiting characteristics of pineapple in Cooch Behar District, West Bengal, India. ISHS Newsletter of the Pineapple Working Group 17, 19-20.
Bose T, Aich KK, Mitra SK, Sen SK. 1983. Regulation of flowering in pineapple the year round. Indian Agricultural Journal 27, 331-336.
Burg SP, Burg EA. 1966. Auxin-induced ethylene formation and its relation to flowering in the pineapple. Science 152(3726), 1269.
Cameron JS, Dennis FG. 1986. The carbohydratenitrogen relationship and flowering/fruiting: Kraus and Kraybill revisited. HortScience 21(5), 1099-1102.
Dass HC, Randhawa GS, Singh HP, Ganapathy KM. 1976. Effect of pH and urea on the efficacy of ethephon for induction of flowering in pineapple. Scientia Horticulturae 5, 265-268.
Dayondon RR, Valleser VC. 2018. Effects of urea and calcium-boron applied at flower bud stage on ‘MD2’ pineapple fruit. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 8(6), 322-328. DOI:10.29322/IJSRP.8.6.2018.p7842
de Poyle V, de Croylaan W. 2009a. A novel flowering induction agent for pineapple. ISHS Newsletter of the Pineapple Working Group 16, 6.
de Poyle V, de Croylaan W. 2009b. MD-2 pineapple plant maturity and flowering. ISHS Newsletter of the Pineapple Working Group 16, 10.
de Wilde RC. 1971. Practical applications of (2- chloroethyl) phosphonic acid in agricultural production. HortScience 6(4), 70.
Fournier BP, Soler A, Alphonsine PAM. 2007. Growth characteristics of the pineapple cultivars ‘MD2’ and ‘Floran 41’ compared with ‘Smooth Cayenne’. ISHS Newsletter of the Pineapple Working Group 14, 18.
Haque MA, Sakimin SZ, Jaafar NM, Ding P, Sarker BC, Islam MS, Yusop MK. 2022. Transient application of foliar urea with N-(n-Butyl) thiophosphoric triamide on N metabolism of pineapple under controlled condition. Scientia Horticulturae 295, 110822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110822
Hussain MJ, Ulla MA, Salim MMR, Rahman MM, Sarker MMR. 2008. Effect of different application time of ethrel on off-season pineapple production at Srimongal, Sylhet. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production 3(6), 68-71.
Kinet JM, Sachs RM, Bernier G. 1981. The physiology of flowering. The development of flowers. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Li Y-H, Wu Y-J, Wu B, Zou M-H, Zhang Z, Sun, G-M. 2011. Exogenous gibberellic acid increases the fruit weight of ‘Comte de Paris’ pineapple by enlarging flesh cells without negative effects on fruit quality. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 33, 1715-1722. DOI:10.1007/s11738-010-0708-2
Liu SH, Dou MA, Zang XP, Sun GM. 2009. Flower forcing technique by ethephon in pineapple. ISHS Newsletter Pineapple Working Group 17, 22-23.
Malip M. 2010. New formulation for the flowering of pineapple var. Maspine. ISHS Newsletter Pineapple Working Group 17, 18.
Maruthasalam S, Shiu LY, Loganathan M, Lien WC, Liu, Y L,…. Lin CH. 2009. Forced flowering of pineapple (Ananas comosus cv. Tainon 17) in response to cold stress, ethephon and calcium carbide with or without activated charcoal. Plant Growth Regulator. DOI:10.1007/s10725-009-9421-9
Mehrlich FP. 1948. Treatment of pineapple plants with plant hormones. US Patent No. 2,441,163. United States Patent Office.
Min XJ, Bartholomew DP. 1996. Effect of plant growth regulators on ethylene production, 1- aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid oxidase activity, and initation of inflorescence development of pineapple. Journal of Plant Growth Regulator 15(3), 121-128.
NOSB Materials Database. 2007. Ethylene. Crops. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media /Ethylene%201%20TR%202007.pdf
Obrero FP, Schnitzler WH. 1986. Method for treating pineapples to inhibit opening of the pineapple flowers. European Patent No. 0 275 708. European Patent Office. Pineapple News. 1995. Borax or solubor for ethrel induction? ISHS Pineapple Working Group Newsletter 1(2), 5.
Py C, Lacoeuilhe J-J, Teisson C. 1987. The pineapple: Cultivation and uses. Paris, Maisonneuve and Larose.
Py C, Lossois P. 1962. Prevision de recolte en culture d'ananas. Etudes de correlations. Deuxieme partie. Fruits 17, 75-87.
Reinhardt DH, da Cunha GAP. 1987. Determinação do período critic de competição de ervas daninhas na cultura do abacaxi ‘Pérola’. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira (Brasília) 19(4), 461-467.
Sheng-hui L, Xiao-ping Z, Guang-ming S. 2011. Changes in endogenous hormone concentrations during inflorescence induction and development in pineapple (Ananas comosus cv. Smooth Cayenne) by ethephon. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(53), 10892- 10899.
Soler A. 2008. Considerations on growth characteristics of different pineapple varieties in Côte d'Ivoire, La Reunion and Caribbean Islands. 6th International Pineapple Symposium. Joa Pessao, Brazil.
Suresh CP, Pall R, Deb P, Bhutia KD, Roy A, Hasan MA. 2010. Effect of NAA and Ethrel on yield and quality of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. (Merr)). ISHS Newsletter Pineapple Working Group 17, 20.
Suwandi T, Dewi K, Cahyono P. 2016. Pineapple harvest index and fruit quality improvement by application of gibberellin and cytokinin. Fruits 71(4), 209-214.
Trejo D, Bañuelos J, Gavito ME, Sangabriel-Conde, W. 2020. High phosphorus fertilization reduces mycorrhizal colonization and plant biomass of three cultivars of pineapple. Terra LatinoAmericana 38(4), 853-858. https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v38i4.701
Uddin MN, Rahman MM, Quasem A. 1998. Studies on year round production of pineapple using ethrel and calcium carbide. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 23, 617-624.
Valleser VC. 2018. Plant age and rate of flower inducer affects flower initiation of ‘MD2’ pineapple. International Journal of Research and Review 5(4), 27- 32.
Valleser VC. 2019. Phosphorus nutrition provoked improvement on the growth and yield of ‘MD-2’ pineapple. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricicultural Science 42(2), 467- 478.
Wang R-H, Hsu Y-M, Bartholomew DP, Maruthasalam S, Lin C-H. 2007. Delaying natural flowering in pineapple through foliar application of aviglycine, an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis. HortScience 42(5), 1188-1191.
)