Document Type : Research paper
Authors
1 Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Department of Soil Science Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
3 Department of Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of four licorice plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), i.e. Pantoea agglomerans (S72), Serratia rubidaea (S28) Pseudomonas azotoformans (E101), Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis (E56) on licorice seed germination and seedling growth, two experiments were conducted at the Research Laboratory and Greenhouse, University of Tehran in 2019. Treatments were bacterial strains in eight levels (sole or in combination) and growing media at four levels of M1 (sand + perlite (1: 1)), M2 (soil + cow manure), M3 (soil + mycorrhiza fungi) and M4 (soil + mycorrhiza fungi+ cow manure). Germination quality criteria and some morphological traits of two-month-old seedlings were evaluated. The results of seed germination showed that in most of the evaluated traits, bacterial treatments performed better than the control, although in some cases, there were no significant differences with the control. Also, in some cases, endophytic bacteria had an effective role in improving seed germination index compared to rhizospheric bacteria. According to the experiment results of seedling growth, M4 in combination with two endophytic bacteria (E101 and E56), of the Pseudomonas genus in licorice plants, had a superior performance in improving the initial growth and establishment qualities of the licorice plants. Regarding most of the traits, the co-application of mycorrhiza with S28 (M3B3) showed the lowest values. The results of this study indicated the potential use of licorice endophytic bacteria as a source of biofertilizer for the improvement of licorice seed germination and growth and, if possible, for similar applications in other plant species.
Abbreviations
M1 (sand + perlite (1: 1)), M2 (soil + cow manure), M3 (soil + mycorrhiza fungi) and M4 (soil + mycorrhiza fungi + cow manure), Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), B1 (Pantoea agglomeransz (S72)), B2 (Serratia rubidaea (S28)), B3 (Pseudomonas azotoformans (E101)), B4 (Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis (E56)
Keywords
Aarab S, Ollero FJ, Megías M, Laglaoui, A. 2015. Isolation and screening of bacteria from rhizospheric soils of rice fields in Northwestern Morocco for different plant growth promotion (PGP) activities : An in vitro study. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science 4, 260–269 .
Abudureheman B, Liu H, Zhang D, Guan K. 2014. Identification of physical dormancy and dormancy release patterns in several species (Fabaceae) of the cold desert, north-west China. Seed Science Research 24, 133-145 .
Amogou O, Dagbénonbakin G, Agbodjato NA, Noumavo PA, Salami HA, Valère S, Baba-Moussa L. 2018. Influence of isolated PGPR rhizobacteria in Central and Northern Benin on Maize germination and greenhouse growth. American Journal of Plant Sciences 9, 2775–2793. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2018.913201
Ataei Somagh H, Mousavi SM, Omidi H, Mohammadian E, Hemmati M. 2016. Canola seed germination and seedling growth in response to the saline condition and bio-priming. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology 7, 2149- 2156.
Ayyaz K, Zaheer A, Rasul G, Mirza M S, 2016. Isolation and identification by 16S rRNA sequence analysis of plant growth-promoting azospirilla from the rhizosphere of wheat. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 47, 542–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2015.11.035
Bidabadi SS, Mehralian M. 2020. Seed bio-priming to improve germination, seedling growth and essential oil yield of Dracocephalum kotschyi boiss, an endangered medicinal plant in Iran. Gesunde Pflanzen 72, 17–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-019-00478-2
Brimecombe MJ, De Leij FAAM, Lynch JM. 2007. Rhizodeposition and microbial populations. In: Pinton R, Varanini Z, Nannipieri P, The rhizosphere biochemistry and organic substances at the soil- plant interface, 2nd ed, CRC Press, New York, pp. 74-98.
Chauhan JS, Tomar YK, Indrakumar Singh N, Seema A, Debarati A. 2009. Effect of growth hormones on seed germination and seedling growth of black gram and horse gram. Journal of American Science 5, 79-84.
Chouitah O, Meddah B, Aoues A, Sonnet P. 2011. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from Glycyrrhiza glabra leaves. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants 14, 284–288.
Das S, Nurunnabi TR, Parveen R, Mou AN. 2019. Isolation and characterization of Indole Acetic Acid producing bacteria from rhizosphere soil and their effect on seed germination. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, 1237– 1245.
Deepa CK, Dastager SG, Pandey A. 2010. Isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting bacteria from non-rhizospheric soil and their effect on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) seedling growth. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 26, 1233– 1240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-009-0293-
Devi KA, Pandey P, Sharma GD. 2016. Plant GrowthPromoting Endophyte Serratia marcescens AL2-16. enhances the growth of Achyranthes aspera L., a medicinal plant. Hayati Journal of Biosciences 23, 173- 180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hjb.2016.12.006
Dinesh R, Srinivasan V, Hamza S, Manjusha A. 2010. Short-term incorporation of organic manures and biofertilizers influences biochemical and microbial characteristics of soils under an annual crop [Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)]. Bioresource Technology 101, 4697–4702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.108
Dutta S, Sarkar A, Dutta S. 2019. Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MCC 3198 and its potential for growth promotion of seedlings of the medicinal plant Celosia cristata L. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, 985–997. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.804.114
Elvira-Recuenco M, VanVuurde JWL. 2000. Natural incidence of endophytic bacteria in pea cultivars underfield conditions. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, 1036–1041.
Fuggersberger-Heinz R, Franz G. 1984. Formation of glycyrrhizinic acid in Glycyrrhiza glabra var. typica. Planta Medica 50, 409-413. Ghadiri H, Torshiz B. 2000. Effects of scarification and temperature on germination of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) seeds. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2, 257-262.
Ghanbari A, Rahimian Mashhadi H, Nasiri Mahalati M, Kafi M, Rastgou M. 2006 Ecophysiological aspects of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) germination under different temperatures. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 3, 263 - 275.
Ghorbanpour M, Hatami M. 2014. Biopriming of Salvia officinalis seed with growth promoting rhizobacteria affects invigoration and germination indices. Journal of Biological and Environmental Science 8, 29–36.
Glick BR. 2014. Bacteria with ACC deaminase can promote plant growth and help to feed the world. Microbiological Research 169, 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j
micres.2013.09.009 Gupta V, Kak A, Singh BB 1997. Studies of germination and seedling vigor in licorice (Glycirrhiza glabra). Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 2, 412–413.
Hameeda B, Rupela OP, Gopal Reddy, Satyavani K. 2006. Application of plant growth promoting bacteria associated with composts and macrofauna for growth promotion of Pear millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.). Biology and Fertility of Soils 43, 221– 227.
Hosseinzadeh H, Nassiri Asl N. 2007. Review of antiviral effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and its active component, glycyrrhizin. JournalJournal of Medicinal Plants 6, 1-12.
Islam S, Akanda AM, Prova A, Islam MT, Hossain MM. 2016. Isolation and identification of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from cucumber rhizosphere and their effect on plant growth promotion and disease suppression. Frontiers in Microbiology 6, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01360
Jin Q, Duan L, Li J, Dong X, Tian X, Wang B, Li Z. 2006. Scarification damages by sulphuric acid and their effects on vigor, germination and emergence of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch seeds. Seed Science and Technology 34, 227-231.
Kennedy AC, Johnson BN, Stubbs TL. 2001. Host range of a deleterious rhizobacterium for biological control of downy brome. Weed Science Society of America 4, 792- 797.
Kesaulya H, Baharuddin, Zakaria, B, Syaiful, SA. 2015. Isolation and physiological characterization of PGPR from potato plant rhizosphere in medium land of Buru Island. Procedia Food Science 3, 190–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profoo.2015.01.021
Khalid A, Arshad M, Zahir ZA. 2004. Screening plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for improving growth and yield of Wheat. Journal of Applied Microbiology 96, 473-480. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365- 2672.2003.02161.x
Khosravi M, Shahraki D, Ghobadinia M, Saeidi K. 2018. The effect of seed bio-priming treatments on morphological indices of Moldavian Balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under water deficit stress. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences 11, 353-363.
Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. 2004. Pharmacognosy. 26th ed. Pune: Nirali prakashan, pp. 212-216. Koo SY, Cho KS. 2009. Isolation and characterization of a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, Serratia sp. SY5. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 19, 1431–1438. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.0904.04014
Leaungvutiviroj C, Piriyaprin S, Limtong P, Sasaki K. 2010. Relationships between soil microorganisms and nutrient contents of Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash and Vetiveria nemoralis (A.) Camus in some problem soils from Thailand. Applied Soil Ecology 46, 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.06.007
Lee X, Azevedo MD, Armstrong DJ, Banowetz GM, Reimmann C. 2013. The Pseudomonasaeruginosa antimetabolite L-2-amino-4-methoxy-trans-3-butenoic acid inhibits growth of Erwinia amylovora and acts as a seed germination-arrest factor. Environmental Microbiology Reports 5, 83–89.
Majeed A, Kaleem Abbasi M, Hameed S, Imran A, Rahim N. 2015. Isolation and characterization of plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria from wheat rhizosphere and their effect on plant growth promotion. Frontiers in Microbiology 6, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00198
McPhail KL, Armstrong DJ, Azevedo MD, Banowetz GM, Mills DI. 2010. 4-Formylaminooxyvinylglycine, an herbicidal germination arrest factor from Pseudomonas rhizosphere bacteria. Journal of Natural Product 73, 1853-1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np1004856
Moradi A, Piri R. 2018. Enhancement of salinity stress tolerance in Cumin ( Cuminum cyminum L .) as affected by plant growth promoting rhizobactria during germination stage. Journal of Plant Process and Function Iranin Society of Plant Physiology 6, 47-55.
Mousavi M, Omidi H. 2019. Seed priming with biopriming improves stand establishment, seed germination and salinity tolerance in canola cultivar (Hayola 401). Plant Physiology 9, 2807–2817. https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPP.2019.667138
Niranjan SR, Shetty NP, Shetty HS. 2007. Seed biopriming with Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates enhances growth of pearl millet plants and induces resistance against downy mildew. Journal of Integral Pest Management 50, 41-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670870310001626365
Noumavo P, Kochoni E, Didagb YO, Adjanohoun A, Allagbe M, Sikirou R, Gachomo EW, Kotchoni SO, Baba-Moussa L. 2013. Effect of different plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on maize seed germination and seedling development. American Journal of Plant Sciences 32, 629–640.
Omar HR, Komarova I, El-Ghonemi M, Fathy A, Rashad R, Abdelmalak HD, Yerramadha MR, Ali Y, Helal E, Camporesi EM. 2012. Licorice abuse: Time to send a warning message. Therapeutic Advances Endocrinology and Metabolism 3, 125-138.
Ozturk M, Altay V, Hakeem KR, Akcicek E. 2017. Licorice from botany to phytochemistry. Springer Press. p. 139. Pastorino G, Cornara L, Rodrigues F, Oliveira MBPP. 2018. Liquorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra ): A phytochemical and pharmacological review, (July), 2323–2339. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6178
Perata P, Guglielminetti L, Alpi A. 1997. Mobilization of endosperm reserves in cereal seeds under anoxia. Annual Botany 79, 49-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a010306
Rafieiolhossaini M, Tadayon M R, Mazhari M. 2014, The effect of dormancy breaking treatments on seed germination of Licorice medicinal plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). Journal of Crops Improvement 16, 809-817.
Riefler M, Ondrej N, Miroslav S, Thomas S. 2006. Arabidopsis cytokinin receptor mutants reveal functions in shoot growth, leaf senescence, seed size, germination, root development, and cytokinin metabolism. The Plant Cell 18, 40-54. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.105.037796
Rizzato G, Scalabrin E, Radaelli M, Capodaglio G, Piccolo O. 2017. A new exploration of licorice metabolome. Food Chemistry 221, 959–968.
Safari D, Jamali F, Nooryazdan HR, Bayat F. 2018. Evaluation of ACC deaminase producing Pseudomonas fluorescens strains for their effects on seed germination and early growth of wheat under salt stress. Australian Journal of Crop Science 12, 413–421. https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.18.12.03.pne801
Salamone IEGD, Hynes RK, Nelso, LM. 2005. Role of cytokinins in plant growth promotion by rhizosphere bacteria. In: Z.A. Siddiqui (Ed.), PGPR: Biocontrol and Biofertilization, Springer, The Netherlands, pp. 173– 195.
Sinha SK, Prasad SK, Islam MA, Gurav SS, Patil RB, AlFaris NA, Aldayel TS, AlKehayez NM, Wabaidur SM , Shakya A. 2020. Identification of bioactive compounds from Glycyrrhiza glabra as possible inhibitor of SARSCoV-2 spike glycoprotein and non-structural protein15: a pharmacoinformatics study. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1779132
Scagliola M, Pii Y, Mimmo T, Cesco S, Ricciuti P, Crecchio C. 2016. Plant physiology and biochemistry characterization of plant growth promoting traits of bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L .) and tomato ( Solanum lycopersicon L .) grown under Fe sufficiency and deficiency. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 107, 187–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.06.002
Sharma S, Thokchom RA. 2014. Review on endangered medicinal plants of India and their conservation. Journal of Crop and Weed 10, 205-218. Sharma PC, Yelne MB, Dennis TJ. 2005. Database on medicinal plants used in Ayurveda. 2nd. Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha., New Delhi, pp. 561- 566
Spaepen S, Vanderleyden J. 2011. Auxin and plantmicrobe interactions. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1, 3(4): a001438.
Srivastava M, Purshottam DK, Srivastava A, Misra P. 2013. In vitro conservation of Glycyrrhiza glabra by slow growth culture. International Journal of Biotechnology and Research 3, 49- 58.
Tabatabaei S, Ehsanzadeh P, Etesami H, Alikhani HA, Glick BR. 2016. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing pseudomonas isolates inhibit seed germination and αamylase activity in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016141-8859
Tiwari P, Singh JS. 2017. A plant growth promoting rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain inhibits seed germination in Triticum aestivum (L) and Zea mays (L). Microbiology Research 8, 73–79. https://doi.org/10.4081/mr.2017.7233
Tsavkelova EA, Klimova SY, Cherdyntseva TA, Netrusov AI. 2006. Microbial producers of plant growth stimulators and their practical use: A Review. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 42, 117–126.
Uniyal N, Chauhan A, Sharma K, Mitra D. 2017. Plant growth promotion by bacterial inoculum with different conditions and estimation of enzyme activity from germinating seeds and bacterial isolates. Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy 12, 53–64.
Widawati S, Suliasih 2018. The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on germination and seedling growth of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 166, 94–99. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/166/1/012022
Yu JY, Ha JY, Kim KM, Jung YS, Jung JC, Oh S. 2015. Antiinflammatory activities of licorice extract and its active compounds, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin and liquiritigenin, in BV2 cells and mice liver. Molecules 20, 13041–13054. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200713041
Zhang Q, Ye M. 2009. Chemical analysis of the Chinese herbal medicine Gan-Cao (licorice). Journal of Chromatography A 1216, 1954–1969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.072
Zhao K, Li J, Zhang X, Chen Q, Liu M, Ao X, Penttinen P. 2018. Actinobacteria associated with Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. are diverse and have plant growth promoting and antimicrobial activity. Scientific Reports8,1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32097-8
Zhao Q, Wu YN, Fan Q, Han QQ, Paré PW, Xu R, Zhang JL. 2016. Improved growth and metabolite accumulation in Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. by inoculation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64, 8103–8108. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03390
)