Evaluation the Preharvest Application of Iron and Nitrogen on some Qualitative Characteristics of Two Apple Cultivars During Cold Storage

Document Type : Research paper

Authors

Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

Abstract

Apple is one of the most important fruits in temperate zones with a long post-harvest life during cold storage. A factorial experiment, in a randomized completely block design was used to investigate the preharvest application of Iron (0, 500 and 1000 mg Fe-EDDHA per tree) and nitrogen (0, 48 and 96 g ammonium nitrate per tree( on some postharvest qualitative characteristics in "Red spur" and "Granny smith" apple cultivars. Iron and nitrogen treatments in all 72 trees were applied in three stages (full bloom, 30 and 60 days after full bloom). Fruit quality parameters including colorskin color parameters (L*, a*, b*), flesh firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), Titratable acidity (TA), flavor index (TSS/TA) and total antioxidant activity were measured. According to the results, a decrease in fruit firmness, TA and increase in TSS/TA in both cultivars were observed during cold storage irrespective of treatments. The results showed that in  “Red spur” cultivar, Fe application decreased fruit firmness, TSS, b* parameter values and increased TSS/TA, a* parameter values, while, N application increased TSS. Fruit firmness was decreased and TSS, TSS/TA, b* parameter values were increased by Fe application in  “Granny smith” cultivar. Fruit firmness, TSS and L* parameter values were decreased and TA was increased by N application on this cultivar. In conclusion, Fe and N application in proper levels improved some postharvest qualitative characteristics in "Red spur" and "Granny smith" apple cultivars during cold storage.

Keywords

References

Abadía J, Vázquez S, Rellán-Álvarez R, El-Jendoubi H, Abadía A, Álvarez-Fernández A, Flor López-Millán A. 2011. Towards a knowledge-based correction of iron chlorosis. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 49, 471-482.
Álvarez-Fernández A, Paniagua P, Abadía J, Abadía A. 2003. Effects of Fe deficiency-chlorosis on yield and fruit quality in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry(51), 5738-5744.
Álvarez-Fernández A, Garc´ıarco S, Lucena J.J. 2005. Evaluation of synthetic iron (III)-chelates (EDDHA/Fe3+, EDDHMA/Fe3+ and the novel EDDHSA/Fe3+) to correct iron chlorosis. European Journal of Agronomy 22, 119-130.
Alvarez-Fernandez A, Melgar J.C, Abadia J, Abadia A. 2011. Effects of moderate and severe iron deficiency chlorosis on fruit yield, appearance and composition in pear (Pyrus communis L.) and peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). Environmental and Experimental Botany 71, 280-286.
Anchondo J.A, Wall M.M, Gutschick V.P, Smith D.W. 2001. Pigment Accumulation and Micronutrient Concentration of Iron-deficient Chile Peppers in Hydroponics. HortScience 36(7), 1206-1210.
Ashoori M, Lolaei A, Zamani S, Ahmadian E, Mobasheri S. 2013. Optimizing Quality and Quantity-Parameters of Apple cv. ‘Red Delicious’ by adjustment of Calcium and Nitrogen. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 5(8), 868-874.
Casero T, Benavides A, Puy J, Recasens I. 2004. Relationships Between Leaf and Fruit Nutrients and Fruit Quality Attributes in Golden Smoothee Apples Using Multivariate. Regression Techniques. Journal of Plant Nutrition 27(2), 313-324.
Chang-Hai J, Biao S, Juan K, Hong-Mei W, Zhi-Jun W. 2006. Changes in Cell Wall Polysaccharide of Harvested Peach Fruit during Storage. Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology 32(6), 657-664.
Davarpanah S, Akbari M, Askari M.A, Babalar M, Naddaf M.E. 2013. Effect of iron foliar application (Fe- EDDHA) on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate CV. “Malas-e- Saveh”. World of Sciences Journal 4, 179-187.
Dixon J, Hewett E.W. 1998. Temperature affects postharvest color change of apples. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 123(2), 305-310.
Dobrzañski jr B, Rybczyñski R. 2002. Colour change of apple as a result of storage, shelf-life, and bruising. International agrophysics16, 261-268.
El-Jendoubi H, Melgar J.C, Álvarez-Fernández A, Sanz M, Abadía , Abadía J. 2011. Setting good practices to assess the efficiency of iron fertilizers. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 49, 483-488.
Etienne A, Génard M, Lobit P, Mbeguié-A-Mbéguié D, Bugaud C. 2013. What controls fleshy fruit acidity? A review of malate and citrate accumulation in fruit cells. Journal of Experimental Botany 64(6), 1451-1469.
Fageria N.K, Baligar V.C. 2005. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. Advances in Agronomy 88, 97-185.
Fallahi E, Colt W.M.R, Baird C, Fallahi B, Chun I.J. 2001. Influence of nitrogen and bagging on fruit quality and mineral concentrations of ‘BC-2 Fuji’ apple. HortTechnology 11(3), 462-465.
Fallahi E, Mohan S.K. 2000. Influence of nitrogen and rootstock on tree growth, precocity, fruit quality, leaf mineral nutrients and leaf blight in “Scarlet Gala” Apple. HortTechnology 10(3), 589-592.
Faniadis D, Drogoudi P.D, Vasilakakis M. 2010. Effects of cultivar, orchard elevation, and storage on fruit quality characters of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Scientia Horticulturae 125, 301-304.
Fernandez V, Orera I, Abadia J, Abadia A. 2009. Foliar iron-fertilisation of fruit trees: present knowledge and future perspectives – a review. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 84(1), 1-6.
Fernandez V, Del Rio V, Abadia J, Abadia A. 2006. Foliar iron fertilization of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch): Effects of iron compounds, surfactants and other adjuvants. Plant and Soil 289,239-252.
Ganai S.A, Ahsan H, Wani I.A, Lone A.A, Mir S.A, Wani S.M. 2015. Colour changes during storage of apple cv. Red delicious- influence of harvest dates, precooling, calcium chloride and waxing. International Food Research Journal 22(1), 196-201.
Ghasemnezhad M, Shiri M.A, Sanavi M. 2010. Effect of chitosan coatings on some quality indices of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) during cold storage. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 8(1), 25-33.
Hamedani M, Rabiei V, Moradi H, Ghanbari A, Azimi M.R. 2012. Determination of storage duration and temperature effects on fruit quality parameters of blood orange (Citrus sinensis cv. Tarocco). Biharean Biologist 6(1), 10-13.
Hasna G.H, Mustapha S. 2014. Improvement of Fruit Yield and Quality by Iron Chelates Addition. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4(4), 166-170.
Hoang N.T.T, Golding J.B, Wilkes M.A. 2011. The effect of postharvest 1-MCP treatment and storage atmosphere on ‘Cripps Pink’ apple phenolics and antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry 127, 1249-1256.
 Huang H, Hu C.X, Tan Q, Hu X, Sun X, Bi L. 2012. Effects of Fe–EDDHA application on iron chlorosis of citrus trees and comparison of evaluations on nutrient balance with three approaches. Scientia Horticulturae 146, 137-142.
Infante R, Farcuh M, Meneses C. 2008. Monitoring the sensorial quality and aroma through an electronic nose in peaches during cold storage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 88, 2073-2078.
Jan I, Rab A, Sajid M. 2012. Storage performance of apple cultivars harvested at different stages of maturity. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 22(2), 438-447.
Javanmardi J, Kubota C. 2006. Variation of lycopene, antioxidant activity, total soluble solids and weight loss of tomato during postharvest storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology 41, 151-155.
Johnston J.W, Hewett E.W, Hertlog M.L. 2002. Hertog. Postharvest softening of apple (Malus domestica) fruit: A review. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 30,145-160.
Kafkas E, Kosar M, Paydas S, Kafkas S, Baser K.H.C. 2007. Quality characteristics of strawberry genotypes at different maturation stages. Food Chemistry 100, 1229-1236.
Kov E, Felf E. 2003. Investigating the firmness of stored apples by non-destructive method. Acta Horticulturae 59, 257-260.
Kühn B.F, Bertelsen M, Sorensen L. 2011. Optimising quality-parameters of apple cv. ‘Pigeon’ by adjustment of nitrogen. Scientia Horticulturae 129, 369-375.
Lobit P, Genard M, Wu B.H, Soing P, Habib R. 2003. Modelling citrate metabolism in fruits: responses to growth and temperature. Journal of Experimental Botany 54(392), 2489-2501.
Lu R. 2004. Multispectral imaging for predicting firmness and soluble solids content of apple fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 31, 147-157.
Milic B, Cabilovski R, Keserovic Z, Manojlovic M, Magazin N, Doric M. 2012. Nitrogen fertilization and chemical thinning with 6-benzyladenine affect fruit set and quality of golden delicious apples. Scientia Horticulturae 140, 81-86.
Miner G.S, Poling E.B, Carrol D.E.l, Nelson L.A, Campbell C.R. 1997. Influence of Fall Nitrogen and Spring Nitrogen-Potassium Applications on Yield and Fruit Quality of `Chandler' Strawberry. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122(2), 290-295.
Murtić S, Čivić H, Đurić M, Paunović G, Šekularac G, Behmen F, Krsmanović M. 2013. The content of some antioxidants in apple depends on the type of fertilization. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 22(2), 475-480.
Nagy S. 1980. Vitamin C Contents of Citrus Fruit and Their Products: A Review. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry28(1), 8-18.
Nava G, Dechen A.R. 2009. Long- term annual fertilization with nitrogen and potassium affect yield and mineral composition of ‘fuji’ apple. Scientia Agricola (Piracicaba, Brazil) 66(3), 377-385.
Nava G, Dechen A.R, Nachtigall G.R. 2008. Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization Affect Apple Fruit Quality in Southern Brazil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 39, 96-107.
Noe N, Eccher T, Porro D, Stainer R. 1997. Quality of golden delicious apple as affected by season and by nitrogen and potassium mineral nutrition. Acta Horticulturae 448, 487-498.
Porto J.S, Reboucas T.N.H, Moraes M.O.B, Bomfim M.P, Lemos O.L, Luz J.M.Q. 2016. Quality and antioxidant activity of tomato cultivated under different sources and doses of nitrogen. Revista Caatinga 29(4), 780 -788.
Quaggio J.A, Mattos Jr D, Cantarella H. 2006. Fruit yield and quality of sweet oranges affected by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization in tropical soils. Fruits 61(5), 293-302.
Raese J.T, Drake S.R. 1997. Nitrogen fertilization and elemental composition affects fruit quality of ‘Fuji’ apples. Journal of Plant Nutrition 20, 1797-1809.
Raese, J.T. 1998. Response of apple and pear trees to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. Journal of Plant Nutrition 21, 2671-2696.
Rapisarda P, Bianco M.L, Pannuzzo P, Timpanaro N. 2008. Effect of cold storage on vitamin C, phenolics and antioxidant activity of five orange genotypes [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. Postharvest Biology and Technology 49, 348-354.
Róth E, Kovács E, Felföldi J. 2003. Investigating the Firmness of Stored Apples by Non-Destructive Method. Acta Horticulturae 599, 257-263.
Rout G.R, Sahoo S. 2015. Role of iron in plant growth and metabolism. Reviews in Agricultural Science 3, 1-24.
Róth E, Kovács E, Hertog M.L.A.T.M, Vanstreels E, Nicolaï B. 2005. Relationship between Physical and Biochemical Parameters in Apple Softening. Acta Horticulturae 682, 573-578.
Sams C.E. Preharvest factors affecting postharvest texture. 1999. Postharvest Biology and Technology 15, 249-254.
Savatovic S.M, Cetkovic G.S, Dilas S.M, Tumbas V.T, M.Canadanovic-Brunet J, Cetojevic-Simin D.D, Mandic A.I. 2008. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of granny smith apple pomace. APTEFF 39, 201-212.
Tahir I.I, Johansson E, Olsson M.E. 2007. Improvement of quality and storability of apple cv. Aroma by adjustment of some pre-harvest conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 112, 164-171.
Terry N. 1980. Limiting factors in photosynthesis I. Use of iron stress to control photochemical capacity in vivo. Plant Physiology 65(1), 114-120.
Viškelis P, Rubinskienė M, Sasnauskas A, Bobinas Č, Kviklienė N. 2011. Changes in apple fruit quality during a modified atmosphere storage. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 19(1), 155-165.
Wang S.Y. 2006. Effect of Pre-harvest Conditions on Antioxidant Capacity in Fruits. Acta Horticulturae 712, 299-305.
Wang H, Cheng L. 2011. Differential effects of nitrogen supply on skin pigmentation and flesh starch breakdown of ‘Gala’ apple. Hortscience 46(8), 1116-1120.
International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
Volume 5, Issue 1
June 2018
Pages 31-42

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 27 February 2018
  • Revise Date: 07 April 2018
  • Accept Date: 12 April 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics