Changes in Growth, Mineral Nutrients, and Phenolic Compounds in Two Table Grape Cultivars and Their Graft Combinations under Bicarbonate and Fe Deficiency Conditions

Document Type : Research paper

Authors

Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Iron chlorosis is a concern in self-rooted and grafted vines cultivated in calcareous soils. Susceptibility to Fe chlorosis in grapevine usually varies, depending on genotype. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morpho-physiological responses of grapevine cultivars (‘Flame Seedless’ and ‘Thompson Seedless’) and their graft combinations (‘Flame Seedless’/‘Thompson Seedless’ (FS/TS) and ‘Thompson Seedless’/‘Flame Seedless’ (TS/FS)) to bicarbonate (30 mM) application and Fe deficiency, while also examining the effects of different Fe sources (FeEDTA and FeSO4.7H2O) in soilless culture condition. In this study, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Results indicated that chlorophyll a, b, and total, as well as carotenoids in the grafting combination of FS/TS were less affected and decreased by about 20% under bicarbonate treatment. The ‘Flame Seedless’ cultivar and grafting combination of TS/FS was more affected and decreased by about 50% under this condition. Results indicated that shoot and root fresh weights decreased by about 25% and 32%, respectively, in all cultivars under bicarbonate treatment in response to both iron sources. Root volume decreased in ‘Thompson Seedless’, ‘Flame Seedless’, and TS/FS by about 30%, 38%, and 50%, respectively, under the bicarbonate treatment when FeEDTA was used as an iron source. Adding bicarbonate to the nutrient solution increased some of the phenolic compounds in ‘Thompson Seedless’ and the graft combination of FS/TS roots. Generally, bicarbonate had more adverse effects on ‘Flame Seedless’ and the TS/FS graft combination, compared to ‘Thompson Seedless’ and FS/TS, confirming that the use of more iron-efficient rootstocks in the graft combination can contribute to bicarbonate tolerance in the scions of cultivars with lower tolerance to bicarbonate.

Keywords

References

Ahmad P, Ozturk M, Sharma S, Gucel S. 2014. Effect of sodium carbonate-induced salinity–alkalinity on some key osmoprotectants, protein profile, antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation in two mulberry (Morus alba L.) cultivars. Journal of Plant Interactions 9, 460-467.
Bavaresco L, Giachino E, Pezzutto S. 2003. Grapevine rootstock effects on lime‐induced chlorosis, nutrient uptake, and source–sink relationships. Journal of Plant Nutrition 26(7), 1451-1465.
Bavaresco L, Poni S. 2003. Effect of calcareous soil on photosynthesis rate, mineral nutrition, and source‐sink ratio of table grape. Journal of Plant Nutrition 26(10- 11), 2123-2135.
Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare I. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil 39, 205-207.
Bertamini M, Nedunchezhian N. 2005. Grapevine growth and physiological responses to iron deficiency. Journal of Plant Nutrition 28(5), 737-749.
Bie Z, Ito T, Shinohara Y. 2004. Effects of sodium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate on the growth, gas exchange, and mineral composition of lettuce. Scientia Horticulturae 99, 215-224.
Boxma R. 1972. Bicarbonate as the most important soil factor in lime-induced chlorosis in the Netherlands. Plant and Soil 233-243.
Buckhout TJ, Schmidt W. 2013. Iron in plants. eLS. Covarrubias JI, Rombolà AD. 2013. Physiological and biochemical responses of the iron chlorosis tolerant grapevine rootstock 140 Ruggeri to iron deficiency and bicarbonate. Plant and Soil 370(1-2), 305-315.
Dakora FD, Phillips DA. 2002. “Root exudates as mediators of mineral acquisition in low-nutrient environments,” in Food security in nutrient-stressed environments: exploiting plants’ genetic capabilities, 201-213.
Dela Guardia MD, Felipe A, Alcántara E, Fournier JM, Romera FJ. 1995. “Evaluation of experimental peach rootstocks grown in nutrient solutions for tolerance to iron stress,” in Iron nutrition in soils and plants 59, 201-205.
Donnini S, Denisi P, Gabotti D, Tato L, Zocchi G. 2012. Adaptive strategies of Parietaria diffusa (M. &K.) to calcareous habitat with limited iron availability. Plant, Cell and Environment 35(6), 1171-1184.
Fu L, Zhu Q, Sun Y, Du W, Pan Z, Pan Z, Peng S. 2017. Physiological and transcriptional changes of three citrus rootstock seedlings under iron deficiency. Frontiers in Plant Science 8, 1104.
Ghule P, Dahiphale V, Jadhav J, Palve D. 2013. Absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate as influenced on dry matter weight of Bt cotton. International Research Journal of Agricultural Economics and Statistics 4, 42-46.
Hajiboland R, Yang XE, Römheld V, Neumann G. 2005. Effect of bicarbonate on elongation and distribution of organic acids in root and root zone of Zn-efficient and Zn-inefficient rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Environmental and Experimental Botany 54(2), 163-173.
HelL R, Stephan UW. 2003. Iron uptake, trafficking and homeostasis in plants. Planta 216, 541-551.
Jiménez S, Pinochet J, Abadia A, Moreno MÁ, Gogorcena Y. 2008. Tolerance response to iron chlorosis of Prunus selections as rootstocks. HortScience 43(2), 304-309.
Jin CW, You GY, He YF, Tang C, Wu P, Zheng SJ. 2007. Iron deficiency-induced secretion of phenolics facilitates the reutilization of root apoplastic iron in red clover. Plant Physiology 144, 278-285.
Ksouri R, Debez A, Mahmoudi H, Ouerghi Z, Gharsalli M, Lachaâl M. 2007. Genotypic variability within Tunisian grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) facing bicarbonate-induced iron deficiency. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 45(5), 315-322.
Ksouri R, Gharsalli M, Lachaal M. 2005. Physiological responses of Tunisian grapevine varieties to bicarbonate-induced iron deficiency. Journal of Plant Physiology 162(3), 335-341.
Ksouri R, M'rah S, GharsallI M, Lachaâl M. 2006. Biochemical responses to true and bicarbonateinduced iron deficiency in grapevine genotypes. Journal of Plant Nutrition 29(2), 305-315.
M’sehli W, Dell’Orto M, De Nisi P, Donnini S, Abdelly C, Zocchi G, GharsallI M. 2009. Responses of two ecotypes of Medicago ciliaris to direct and bicarbonate-induced iron deficiency conditions. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 31(4), 667-673.
Marschner H. 2012. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press London. Martínez-Cuenca MR, Legaz F, Forner-Giner MÁ, PrimoMillo E, Iglesias DJ. 2013. Bicarbonate blocks iron translocation from cotyledons inducing iron stress responses in citrus roots. Journal of Plant Physiology 170(10), 899-905.
Mengel K, Breininger MT, Bübl W. 1984. Bicarbonate, the most important factor inducing iron chlorosis in vine grapes on calcareous soil. Plant and Soil 81(3), 333-344.
Molassiotis A, Tanou G, DiamantidiS G, Patakas A, Therios I. 2006. Effects of 4-month Fe deficiency exposure on Fe reduction mechanism, photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant defense in two peach rootstocks differing in Fe deficiency tolerance. Journal of Plant Physiology 163(2), 176-185.
Motesharezadeh B, Hesam-Arefi A, Savaghebi GR. 2017. The effect of bicarbonate on iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) uptakes by soybean varieties. Desert 22(2), 145-155.
Pearce RC, LI Y, Bush LP. 1999. Calcium and bicarbonate effects on the growth and nutrient uptake of burley tobacco seedlings: hydroponic culture. Journal of Plant Nutrition 22, 1069-1078.
Rengel Z. 1992. The role of calcium in salt toxicity. Plant, Cell & Environment 15, 625-632.
Sabir A, Ekbic H, Erdem H, Tangolar S. 2010. Response of four grapevine (Vitis spp.) genotypes to direct or bicarbonate-induced iron deficiency. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 8(3), 823-829.
Shahsavandi F, Eshghi S, Gharaghani A, Ghasemi-Fasaei R, Jafarinia M. 2020. Effects of bicarbonate induced iron chlorosis on photosynthesis apparatus in grapevine. Scientia Horticulturae 270, 109427.
Valdez-AGuilar LA, Reed DW. 2010. Growth and nutrition of young bean plants under high alkalinity as affected by mixtures of ammonium, potassium, and sodium. Journal of Plant Nutrition 33, 1472-1488.
Wang N, Dong X, Chen Y, Ma B, Ma CF, Liu Z. 2020. Direct and bicarbonate-induced iron deficiency differently affect iron translocation in kiwifruit roots. Plants 9, 1578.
Yang X, Hajiboland R, Römheld V. 2003. Bicarbonate had greater effects than high pH on inhibiting root growth of zinc‐inefficient rice genotype. Journal of Plant Nutrition 26(2), 399-415.
Zhao K, Wu Y. 2017. Effects of Zn deficiency and bicarbonate on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of four plant species. PloS One 12(1), 0169812.
International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
Volume 10, Issue 4
October 2023
Pages 475-490

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 15 June 2022
  • Revise Date: 13 October 2022
  • Accept Date: 30 January 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics