Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) has long been focused on as a model plant for sex expression and floral development studies. In the present study, the effect of exogenous ethephon (0.5 mM) and urea (2 and 4 g/L) on female flower production in cucumber plants was investigatedThethis study investigated the impact of exogenous ethephon (0.5 mM) and urea (2 and 4 g/ L) on female flower production in cucumber plants. Results revealed that the highest number of female flowers number was recorded in plants treated with 4 g/ L of urea. Ethephon treatment decreased the total flower number of flowers and reduced the male-to-female flower ratio, favouring favoring female flower production. The highest catalase activity was recorded in plants treated exclusivelysolely treated with ethephon, whereas while maximum peroxidase activity was detected found in the control plants. In ethephon-treated plants, the expression rate of Cs-ACS2 gene expression rate in the female flower organ was increased between 4.5 to 6 times, while this the increase in leaf tissue was between 1.5 to 3 times in leaf tissue. As ethephon treatment contributed to the highest expression rate of the Cs-ACS2 gene, it can be interpreted inferred that ethephon induced induces female flower formation through the via Cs-ACS2 upregulation of Cs-ACS2 gene. Simultaneously, At the same time, nitrogen impact can be independent of the Cs-ACS2 expression pathway. These findings would be implemented valuable for future research on the physiology of flower induction physiology in cucumber plants.