Hamidreza Roosta; Fatemeh Nili; Ali Pourkhaloee; Naser Askari
Abstract
Photosynthetic parameters and stem strength of Gerbera jamesonii ‘Bayadere’ plants were studied after foliar application with calcium chloride (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g L-1) under natural light (NL), red light LEDs (R), blue light LEDs (B) and red + blue light LEDs (RB). Chlorophyll content increased ...
Read More
Photosynthetic parameters and stem strength of Gerbera jamesonii ‘Bayadere’ plants were studied after foliar application with calcium chloride (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g L-1) under natural light (NL), red light LEDs (R), blue light LEDs (B) and red + blue light LEDs (RB). Chlorophyll content increased under LED lights and foliar application with calcium chloride. The maximal quantum yield of PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm) and performance index (PI) reached the lowest value under NL conditions. The highest values of photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate (E) were achieved by RB lighting. Under the RB light and calcium chloride spraying, the plants showed the lowest leaf nitrate content, compared to NL conditions. This resulted in the highest leaf nitrate content. The higher the nitrate content, the lower the stem strength. However, the leaf calcium content showed an opposite trend. Sprays of 1.5 g L-1 calcium chloride in combination with RB lighting significantly in creased the flower stem strength and reduced stem bending, compared to non-treated plants. In summary, the RB lighting and foliar application with calcium chloride enhanced the growth and flower stem firmness of cut gerbera.
Ali Pourkhaloee; Morteza Khosh-Khui; Rodrigo Barba-Gonzalez
Abstract
In this study, an efficient in vitro method was established for indirect somatic embryogenesis of tuberose from pedicel-derived calluses on MS medium. The effects of 2,4-D, NAA, BAP, and ABA on callus induction, callus growth, embryogenic callus formation, embryo maturation, and plantlet regeneration ...
Read More
In this study, an efficient in vitro method was established for indirect somatic embryogenesis of tuberose from pedicel-derived calluses on MS medium. The effects of 2,4-D, NAA, BAP, and ABA on callus induction, callus growth, embryogenic callus formation, embryo maturation, and plantlet regeneration were evaluated. Combination of 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L-1 NAA resulted in the highest percentage of callus induction (100%) and callus quality. The highest average of callus growth was achieved at 1 mg L-1 2,4-D + 1 mg L 1 BAP. Embryogenic calluses were induced on the media containing 1 mg L-1 2,4-D after 90 days of subculturing. The highest number of matured somatic embryos per petri dish (81) and callus greening were observed on the medium containing 1 mg L-1 ABA + 45 g L-1 maltose. Further germination of embryos was observed on MS medium containing 10 to 15 ml L-1 goat colostrum and embryos with leaves regenerated after 90 days. Beside induction of osmotic pressure, colostrum is a rich source of organic nitrogen and calcium which play key roles in somatic embryogenesis. The whole plantlets were achieved after 60 days of subculturing on the media containing IBA (0.75 mg L-1) with a survival rate of 88%. In conclusion, the present study provides a suitable somatic embryogenesis system which may serve in micropropagation, genetic transformation, and ploidy manipulation of tuberose.
Ali Pourkhaloee; Morteza Khosh-Khui; Paul Arens; Hassan Salehi; Hooman Razi; Ali Niazi; Alireza Afsharifar; Jaap Van Tuyl
Abstract
The genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) comprises about 100 species and Iran is considered as one of the main origins of tulips. In this research, genetic diversity and population structure of 27 wild populations of tulips collected from Iran were studied by 15 highly polymorphic and reproducible expressed sequenced ...
Read More
The genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) comprises about 100 species and Iran is considered as one of the main origins of tulips. In this research, genetic diversity and population structure of 27 wild populations of tulips collected from Iran were studied by 15 highly polymorphic and reproducible expressed sequenced tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers and 8 nucleotide binding site (NBS)-enzyme combinations. According to EST-SSR genotyping, the average of gene diversity (GD) and polymorphism information content (PIC) were 0.66 and 0.62, respectively. However, the values of GD and PIC were equal for each NBS primer–enzyme combination which ranged between 0.85-0.95 with a mean value of 0.91. The mean value of resolving power (EST-SSR = 1.93; NBS-LRR = 17.39) indicated that the NBS markers had higher discriminatory power compared to the EST-SSR markers. UPGMA clustering confirmed the results of PCA which was further confirmed by Bayesian model-based STRUCTURE analysis. Population structure analysis detected 3 and 4 gene pools for 27 wild tulip germplasms with EST-SSR genotyping and NBS-LRR profiling, respectively. The AMOVA results indicated that molecular variation among populations (ΦPT = inter-population variation) was 82% and 93% of the total variation for EST-SSR and NBS-LRR markers, respectively. The results of this study will help the conservation and phylogenetic studies of tulips.
Ali Pourkhaloee; Morteza Khosh-Khui
Abstract
Two separate factorial experiments were conducted to study the effects of explant sources, plant growth regulators, sucrose concentrations, and light conditions on in vitro cormlet formation of freesia (Freesia ×hybrida Bailey 'Argenta'). Interestingly, it was observed that the pupae had lower ...
Read More
Two separate factorial experiments were conducted to study the effects of explant sources, plant growth regulators, sucrose concentrations, and light conditions on in vitro cormlet formation of freesia (Freesia ×hybrida Bailey 'Argenta'). Interestingly, it was observed that the pupae had lower contamination levels compared to mother corms. Using 40% sodium hypochlorite solution for 40 min, contamination levels of pupae and mother corms reduced to 19.80 and 46.40%, respectively. Moreover, pupae showed the highest regeneration frequency. In the first experiment, 6.67 cormlets were directly produced per pupa (cold storage-produced corm) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6 mg L-1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 1 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), and 60 g L-1 sucrose, when cultures were stored in the dark. In the second experiment, on average, 5.67 shoots were proliferated per pupa explant in the presence of 4 mg L-1 BA and 2 mg L-1 Kinetin (Kin). Subculturing these shoots on MS medium containing 3 mg L-1 BA and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA led to production of 3.67 cormlets per shoot. Finally, in vitro derived cormlets showed the highest percentage of rooting (77.80%), root number (8.33), and root length (2.13 cm) on MS medium containing 1 mg L-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).
