Shima Alaei; Nasser Mahna
Abstract
Glycine betaine (GB) plays a crucial role in plants and in their response to abiotic stress. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the application of glycine betaine (GB) and its ability to alleviate the effects of salinity stress (SS) on fruit yield and ion accumulation in strawberry (Fragaria × ...
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Glycine betaine (GB) plays a crucial role in plants and in their response to abiotic stress. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the application of glycine betaine (GB) and its ability to alleviate the effects of salinity stress (SS) on fruit yield and ion accumulation in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch cv. Paros). Three levels of SS (0, 20, and 40 mM NaCl) and GB (0, 5, 10 mM) were used on the plants in a greenhouse experiment. The results indicated that increasing the salinity level reduced the yield and altered the dynamism of ion accumulation. Leaf area, relative water content (RWC), leaf fresh weight, and yield decreased under salinity stress (36.7%, 9.2%, 28%, and 41%, respectively), especially at 40 mM NaCl. Under SS, there was an increase in Na content of the roots, fruits, and leaves (78%, 54%, and 78%, respectively) as well as in K content of the fruits (50%), but with a decrease in the K content of the leaves (29%) and the roots (25%), and P content of the leaves (55%). Overall, salinity increased the Na content, but reduced the K/Na ratio. Salinity and glycine betaine interactions had a significant effect on the Na content of the roots and leaves, the K content in the leaves, and K/Na ratio in the leaves and roots. At 40 mM NaCl, using 10 mM GB reduced the leaf and root Na content by 22% and 30%, respectively. Although the application of exogenous GB on strawberry changed the pattern of ion accumulation, it was not effective in diminishing the adverse effects of salinity stress on strawberry plants cv. ‘Paros’.
Hashem Kazemzadeh-Beneh; Nasser Mahna; Ebrahim Safari; Alireza Motallebi-Azar
Abstract
Light is an effective factor in cell suspension culture and must be controlled for optimizing cell growth. Growth of anthocyanin producing suspension cells of a red-fleshed genotype of apple (RFA) was assessed in response to blue diode laser (BDL) and red He Ne (RHNL) laser. The suspension cells in L-shaped ...
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Light is an effective factor in cell suspension culture and must be controlled for optimizing cell growth. Growth of anthocyanin producing suspension cells of a red-fleshed genotype of apple (RFA) was assessed in response to blue diode laser (BDL) and red He Ne (RHNL) laser. The suspension cells in L-shaped test tubes were exposed to short-term laser radiation for 20 min in a rotary shaker. The fresh cell weight (FCW), dry cell weight (DCW), cell volume after sedimentation (CVS), cell number (CN) and cell viability (CV) as criteria of cell growth were recorded at 0, 4, 8, 12 days during cell culture. The cell growth was negatively affected in response to BDL and RHNL compared to control and darkness, respectively. The FCW and DCW was enhanced by BDL whereas were not affected by RHNL. Also, only 30.4 mWcm-2 intensity of BDL could increase CVS in RFA cells. Changes in CN were not displayed by RHNL and BDL. BDL more than RHNL decreased CV. Cell death rates observed due to BDL and RHNL were 40.42% and 33.67%, respectively. All these results showed that these lasers had diverse effects on FRA cell growth, however, these cells were more sensitive to BDL than RHNL especially in higher intensities, presumably because of its damage to cell membrane leading to cell death.