Shoot-Root Traits of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) as Influenced by Different Irrigation Schedules

Document Type : Research paper

Authors

1 Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh- 2202, Bangladesh.

2 Department of Horticulture Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh- 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract

Frequency of irrigation to the crops is the key factor for proper growth and economic yield. Therefore, in the current study growth of broccoli plants was investigated under different irrigation levels in pot culture condition. Five levels of irrigation schedules were applied including I0 [Non-irrigation control], I1 [Irrigation up to 15 days after transplanting (DAT)], I2 [Irrigation up to 30 DAT], I3 [Irrigation up to 45 DAT] and I4 [Irrigation up to 60 DAT] with three replications. Maximum plant height, shortest days to curd initiation, fresh mass of curd, curd diameter, shoot fresh mass and moisture content of roots per plant were obtained from irrigation up to 60 DAT. Moreover, maximum number of leaves, leaf fresh mass, moisture content, root length, root fresh and dry mass per plant were obtained from irrigation up to 45 DAT while the lowest results were obtained from non-irrigated control treatment. Higher dry weight (3.37 g plant-1) and dry matter content of leaves (11.76%) and roots (18.94%) and root to shoot ratio (0.077) were observed from non-irrigated control treatment. Results suggested that irrigation up to 60 DAT might be optimum schedule for broccoli, but in terms of economic profitability, irrigation up to 45 DAT would be sufficient.

Keywords


Ahmad Z, Ali N, Ahmad M, Haq S.U, Ahmad S. 2005. Yield and economics of carrot production in organic farming. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 21(3), 357-364.
Ali M.H, Haque M.A, Hossain M.M, Hasan S.M.R. 2005. Effect of soil moisture stress on growth and yield of onion. Bangladesh Journal of Crop Science 16(1), 65-72.
Atkin O.K, Macherel D. 2009. The crucial role of plant mitochondria in orchestrating drought tolerance. Annals of Botany 103(4), 581-597.
Ayas S, Orta H, Yazgan S. 2011. Deficit irrigation effects on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Monet) yield in unheated greenhouse condition. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 17(4), 551-559.
Babik I. 2006. Effect of soil type and irrigation on yield and mineral composition of broccoli. Acta Agrophysica 7(4), 793-808.
Bratsch A.D. 1993. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen on cauliflower development, yield and quality.  Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, USA, pp 246.
Edris K.M, Islam T.M.T, Chowdhury M.S, Haq A.K.M.M. 1979. Detailed soil survey, Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm, Mymensingh. Department of Soil Science, pp 118.
Gomes R, Khan M.S, Islam M.M. 2000. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen on broccoli in grey terrace soil. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 25, 423-430.
Gomez K.A, Gomez A.A. 1984. Statistical Procedure for Agricultural Research,2nd ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, p 680.
Himanshu S.K, Singh A.K, Kumar S, Kalura P. 2013. Response of broccoli to irrigation scheduling and methods under drip, sprinkler and surface irrigation. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 2(4), 777-782.
Islam M.M, Islam M.S, Gomes R, Begum R.A, Khatun A. 1996. Response of cauliflower to different soil moisture regimes and nitrogen level. Proceeding of Agriculture 7, 73-76.
Khan S.H, Khan A, Litaf U, Shah A.S, Khan M.A. 2015. Effect of drought stress on tomato cv. Bombino. Journal of Food Processing & Technology 6(2), 117-123.
Kumar J.L.G, Senseba T. 2008. Yield, irrigation production efficiency and economic return of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) under different irrigation methods and schedules. Journal of Environmental Research and Development 2(4), 513-522.
Mannan M.A, Haque M.A. 1999. Effect of water stress on growth and yield of cabbage. Bangladeshi Journal of Training and Development12(1&2), 33-43.
Pervez M.A, Ayub C.M, Khan H.A, Shahid M.A, Ashraf I. 2009. Effect of drought stress on growth, yield and seed quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science 46(3), 310-325.
Shanmugasundaram S. 2003. Fruits and vegetables: opportunities for small farmers. Paper presented at the workshop, Agricultural Diversification and Vertical Integration in South Asian Countries: Can small holders harness the opportunities. 5-6 November 2003, New Delhi, India.
Thompson H.C, Kelly W.C. 1985. Vegetable Crops, 5th ed. McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, p 15.
Van den Boogaard R, De Boer M, Veneklaas E.J, Lambers H. 1996. Relative growth rate, biomass allocation pattern and water use efficiency of three wheat cultivars during early ontogeny as dependent on water availability. Physiologia Plantarum 98, 493-504.
Vasanthi H.R, Mukherjee S, Das D.K. 2009. Potential health benefits of broccoli: a chemico-biological overview. Mini-Reviews in Medical Chemistry 9,749-759.
Watts S, Rodriguez J.L, Evans S.E, Davies W.J. 1981. Root and shoot growth of plants treated with abscisic acid. Annals of Botany 47, 595-602.
Wurr D.C.E, Fellows J.R, Crisp P. 1982. Leaf and curd production in cauliflower varieties could treated before transplanting. Journal of Agriculture Science 99, 425-432.
Wurr D.C.E, Hambidge A.J, Fellows J.R, Lynn J.R, Pink D.A.C. 2002. The influence of water stress during crop growth on the postharvest quality of broccoli. Postharvest Biology and Technology25(2), 193-198
Zaicovski C.B, Zimmerman T, Nora L, Nora F.R, Silva J.A, Rombaldi C.V. 2008. Water stress increases cytokinin biosynthesis and delays postharvest yellowing of broccoli florets. Postharvest Biology and Technology 49(3), 436-439.