Sahar Sedaghat; Majid Rahemi; Elham Aslmoshtaghi
Abstract
Hot air treatment has been applied on a wide range of horticultural crops to control postharvest decay and to maintain quality characteristics. To evaluate the effect of hot air treatment on physio-chemical properties of pomegranate arils, an experiment was carried out in a factorial experiment using ...
Read More
Hot air treatment has been applied on a wide range of horticultural crops to control postharvest decay and to maintain quality characteristics. To evaluate the effect of hot air treatment on physio-chemical properties of pomegranate arils, an experiment was carried out in a factorial experiment using a completely randomized design with four replications in 2015. About 200 g of ‘‘Rabab-e-Neyriz’’ pomegranate arils were placed in 350 mg polypropylene boxes with three holes on top for ventilation. Boxes were heated at 35 °C, 40 °C and 45 °C and 80% relative humidity for 30, 60, and 120 min in oven. After being cooled at an ambient temperature, boxes were stored at 5 °C (RH= 70-80%) for 15 days. The scored results of decay assay showed that heated “Rabab” arils at 35 °C till 45 °C decayed lesser than those untreated during storage period. Hot air temperature at 45 °C for 120 min resulted in the highest weight loss at the end of storage period. The highest total soluble solids content was belonged to the arils heated at 45 °C for 30 min. Hot air treatments increased pH and TSS/TA ratio of aril juice. Hot air temperature treatment decreased antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds and total anthocyanin of arils during storage period, whilst hot air treatment had no significant effect on color values. Generally, the application of mild heat treatments could be considered as a non-contaminant postharvest tool to maintain functional and nutritive properties of arils during postharvest storage.
Sushanta Kumar Tarafder; Mrityunjoy Biswas; Asit Baran Mondal
Abstract
The study was conducted in Polashi, Manirampur Upazila, Jashore, Bangladesh, during Rabi seasons of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 to evaluate the effects of organic nutrient sources on yield and shelf life of broccoli. The experimental layout was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications ...
Read More
The study was conducted in Polashi, Manirampur Upazila, Jashore, Bangladesh, during Rabi seasons of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 to evaluate the effects of organic nutrient sources on yield and shelf life of broccoli. The experimental layout was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and six treatments which were: T1= Vermicompost 3 t ha-1, T2 = Vermicompost 4 t ha-1, T3 = Trichocompost 3 t ha-1, T4 = Trichocompost 4 t ha-1, T5 = FYM 12 t ha-1, T6 = (control). A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was designed to determine the shelf life of broccoli with three replications, considering three factors, (i) the effects of organic sources of nutrient, (ii) storage materials at room temperature and (iii) storage materials at cold storage condition. The findings revealed that the effects of organic nutrient sources significantly influenced the yield and shelf life of broccoli. The treatment T2 (vermicompost 4 t ha-1) produced significant (p≤0.05) amounts of marketable curd yield of broccoli (22.33 t ha-1 and 21.27 t ha-1), followed by T4 (Trichocompost 4 t ha-1) with marketable curd yield (19.76 t ha-1, 18.78 t ha-1). In contrast, the minimum marketable curd yield (7.76 t ha-1 and 7.29 t ha-1) occurred in T6 (control) in the respective years. The treatment of T2 led to the highest shelf life (7.33 and 7.55 days) at room temperature (14-220C with RH 60-65%). At cold storage (40C with RH 90-95%), using High-Density Polyethylene (HDP;15 micron) vacuum pack, the shelf life was also significant (24.75 & 25.19 days) during the years of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, respectively.
Pet Roey Lasquites Pascual; Jean Jannin Aleguin Alimento; Rodolfo S Anulacion; Kent Marcial L Catubis; Marciano Tangpos; Nonna Fatima Hilot Abello; Danny E Carabio
Abstract
Kale is known for its anticancer properties and is rich in nutrients. Light plays a major role in plant growth. This study determined the effects of different light conditions on kale in terms of morphological, yield, and physiological responses. The treatments used in this study were Ambient Light (AL) ...
Read More
Kale is known for its anticancer properties and is rich in nutrients. Light plays a major role in plant growth. This study determined the effects of different light conditions on kale in terms of morphological, yield, and physiological responses. The treatments used in this study were Ambient Light (AL) and 16:8 light-dark period schemes on Red LED (RL), Green LED (GL), and Blue LED (BL). The treatments were applied six days before harvest. Kale grown under GL and BL became the tallest, four times taller than the kale treated with AL. However, in terms of leaf length and width, AL resulted in the most significant values, compared to seedlings grown under controlled lighting. Regarding the yield response, no significant differences were noted on fresh weight, dry weight, and estimated yield. In terms of physiological responses, RL, GL, and BL increased the average vapor pressure deficit. In terms of the average photosynthetic rate, BL performed better than AL. However, AL caused a higher stomatal conductance compared to LED lights. The average transpiration rate showed improvements under RL. These results suggested that GL and BL are most suited for plant height development while AL enhance the number, length, and width of leaves. Moreover, when grown under BL, the photosynthetic rate increased. On the other hand, exposure to AL improved stomatal conductance. The increase in photosynthetic rate led to the production of more secondary metabolites such as glucosinolate.
Marzieh Babashpour-Asl; Marzieh Piryaei
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the amount of flavonoids, anthocyanins, total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity of the peel and pulp of the quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) in the polar and nonpolar sub-fractions of methanol extracts with two extraction methods, Soxhlet and microwave. ...
Read More
This study aimed to determine the amount of flavonoids, anthocyanins, total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity of the peel and pulp of the quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) in the polar and nonpolar sub-fractions of methanol extracts with two extraction methods, Soxhlet and microwave. The antioxidant properties were assessed by the ability to quench the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching assays. The results showed that the Soxhlet method extracted higher amount of the phytochemicals. In the DPPH system, the highest radical scavenging activity was seen by the polar sub-fraction of the methanol extract in the peel of quince fruit (IC50=52±7.3 μg/mL). Among all the extracts analyzed, the polar sub-fraction of the peel extract exhibited a significantly higher total flavonoid (62.33±3.1 mg CTE/100 g), anthocyanin (1.54±0.24 μg C-3-GE/100 mg fresh weight), phenolic content (108.14 μg GAE/mg) and antioxidant activity than other samples with Soxhlet extraction method. Fruit has a number of bioactive ingredients and many of them were concentrated in the peel of the fruit rather than the flesh. Therefore, enjoy the benefits that unpeeled fruit offers! The present study revealed that the peel of quince fruit has higher phytochemicals and antioxidant properties when compared to the pulp.
Yaşar Akça; Yusupov Bahadır Yuldaşulu; Erdenov Murad; Kourosh Vahdati
Abstract
Kazakhstan has very rich walnut genetic resources; however there is no ongoing walnut breeding program. Kazakhstan government has several projects in cooperation with Russia, USA, Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Poland for plant breeding purposes. In the present research walnut genetic resources originated ...
Read More
Kazakhstan has very rich walnut genetic resources; however there is no ongoing walnut breeding program. Kazakhstan government has several projects in cooperation with Russia, USA, Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Poland for plant breeding purposes. In the present research walnut genetic resources originated from Jabağıl, Tulkıbas, Sayram, Lenger, and Botanical Garden of International Hodja Ahmet Yesevi Turkish-Kazakh University of Kazakhstan were evaluated during 2015-2018. In the pre-selection stage, 47 genotypes were selected according to their lateral bearing, disease and pest tolerance. In the next step, 10 genotypes with high nut quality and high yield were selected. These genotypes were grafted onto seedling walnut rootstocks in Turkey. All of the grafted genotypes had fruit at the first year. Among 47 genotypes, we recorded nut weight between 6.21-15.18 g, kernel weight 2.36-6.64 g, kernel percentage 33.55-70.96% and average nut length 2.61-4.19 cm and nut diameter between 2.65 to 3.39 cm. The selected genotypes have been found to have very low fruit quality compared to commercial walnut varieties in the world. However, these genotypes have been evaluated as a good genetic resource for lateral bearing which can be used in breeding programs.
Shadab Panahi; Azizolah Khandan-Mirkohi; Gail Taylor; Seyed Alireza Salami
Abstract
In this study, we investigated important morphological traits of select populations of Iranian fiber hemp. The analysis of variance showed significant diversity among the populations. Four of the eight genotypes showed a large biomass suitable for the fiber industry. Kerman, Sirjan, Dezful, and Arak ...
Read More
In this study, we investigated important morphological traits of select populations of Iranian fiber hemp. The analysis of variance showed significant diversity among the populations. Four of the eight genotypes showed a large biomass suitable for the fiber industry. Kerman, Sirjan, Dezful, and Arak genotypes had the highest plant height and the largest stem diameter. These populations had late-flowering habits with a short inflorescence length. Our classification revealed that of the four high-fibrous candidates, three were classified in one group, comprising Kerman, Sirjan, and Dezful genotypes. The fourth one, Arak, was placed in the second group. Significantly positive correlations were observed between final plant height, footstalk diameter, and number of days to first-flower emergence. A strong correlation occurred between morphological traits and geographical data pertaining to the genotypes. Our findings indicated that a high elevation and a low average annual temperature are suitable for the growth of medicinal cannabis. Warmer weather made the plants taller with thicker stems and late blooming habits, which are more relevant for use in the fiber industry.
Forouzandeh Soltani; Moien Shajari; Giti Sadat Mirbehbahani; Mohammad Reza Bihamta
Abstract
Understanding genetic diversity and germplasm classification are the keys for selection of right parents for breeding purposes. In the present study, the genetic diversity and classification of 45 Iranian and 15 foreign melons were evaluated. A greenhouse experiment was laid out as a randomized completely ...
Read More
Understanding genetic diversity and germplasm classification are the keys for selection of right parents for breeding purposes. In the present study, the genetic diversity and classification of 45 Iranian and 15 foreign melons were evaluated. A greenhouse experiment was laid out as a randomized completely block design with three replications and five plants in each replicates. Fruit number had a positive correlation with female flower numbers, fruit number, and fruit yield. The fruit number, however, correlated negatively with the leaf area. Genotypes with monoicous flowering habit produced female flowers in lower nodes and formed longer fruit. The number of the female flower, fruit number, yield, high total soluble solids (TSS), leaf area, the first node of female appearance, and flesh firmness were amongst the high weighted and more coefficient in the component analysis. For the breeding purpose, all accessions of cluster 4 were andromonoecious and obtained high TSS, leaf area, and flesh firmness. From the first three clusters, 11 accessions were monoecious, which belonged to TN-93-5, TN 92100, TN 921071, TN 922025 (Cluster1), FLTM 27, and FLTM35 (Cluster2), TN921026, TN-94-21, TN- 94-44, TN-94-28, and TN-94-3 (Cluster3). The characteristic of cluster 3 included melons with high female flower and fruit number and fewer number of the first node of female flower. In conclusion, good genetic resources and foreign types for selection are available for improving the breeding of melons based on the evaluated traits.
Eticha Dema Shiberu; Nigussie Dachassa; Temesgen Desalegn; Tesfaye Balami
Abstract
Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is an important spice crop in Ethiopia. However, the yield of the crop is low due to low soil fertility and poor soil fertility management practices. Here, a field research was conducted to evaluate the effects of applying mineral and organic fertilizers on seed yield ...
Read More
Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is an important spice crop in Ethiopia. However, the yield of the crop is low due to low soil fertility and poor soil fertility management practices. Here, a field research was conducted to evaluate the effects of applying mineral and organic fertilizers on seed yield and oil content of black cumin. The treatment consisted of three rates of combined nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) fertilizer (20/15, 40/30, 60/45 kg N/P2O5 ha-1), three rates of blended mineral nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and boron (NPSB) fertilizers (0, 50 and 100 kg NPSB ha–1), and three rates of vermicompost (VC) (0, 3 and 6 t ha–1). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. The results showed that the interaction of mineral fertilizers and VC significantly (P < 0.05) influenced seed yield and seed oil content. Increasing rates of the three fertilizers increased seed yield, but reduced the seed oil content. We concluded that applying 60/45 kg N/P2O5, 100 kg NPSB, and 3 t ha–1 of VC resulted in optimum seed yield (2.1 t ha–1), which is twice as much as the average yield of the crop in the country. However, the highest seed oil content (39.70%) was recorded at the rates of minimum N/P2O5 and zero rates of both NPSB and VC. This implies that integrated application of mineral and organic fertilizers can double productivity of the crop and improve farmers’ income in the study area.
Saber Gilani; Naser Askari; Hossein Meighani; Amanollah Soleimani; Reza Ghahremani
Abstract
Optimizing light and nutrient supply has a key role in seedling quality and yield of cucumber seedlings. The combined effects of light quality {blue (B), white [W; 41% B, 39% intermediate, and 20% red (R)], RB [red (80%) and blue (20%)], and red (R)} and EC value of the nutrient solution (1, 1.7, and ...
Read More
Optimizing light and nutrient supply has a key role in seedling quality and yield of cucumber seedlings. The combined effects of light quality {blue (B), white [W; 41% B, 39% intermediate, and 20% red (R)], RB [red (80%) and blue (20%)], and red (R)} and EC value of the nutrient solution (1, 1.7, and 3 ds m-1) were evaluated on the growth and physio-logical responses of cucumber seedlings. The measurements were aimed at the growth rate, biomass distribution, water status, seedling quality, yield, and concentration of photosynthetic pigments, protein, proline, potassium, and phosphorous. The results showed that the effects of light quality on cucumber seedlings depended on the EC values of the nutrient solution. The RB treatment at EC 1.7 of the irrigation water had the highest value of seedling quality parameters and the maximum amount of osmolytes, elements, and pigments, showing adequate water performance. Moreover, in contrast to the conventional seedling production, yield and biomass production increased by 70% and 92%, respectively, in the transplanting phase. This probably resulted from a more efficient elemental uptake, higher biomass distribution, and low vegetative growth in the seedling production phase. These results can contribute to seedling production of vegetables as an efficient protocol for yield productivity. In sum, our findings showed that determining the ideal light spectrum for seedling growth should be considered together with the EC of the nutrient solution.
Mina Taghizadeh; Mohammad ali Arab; Mosa Solgi
Abstract
Yield quality and quantity in a hydroponic greenhouse usually relies on optimum crop root health and effective nutrient mobility. This study evaluated the effects of applying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar on different growth characteristics of commercial rose cultivars in a hydroponic cultivation ...
Read More
Yield quality and quantity in a hydroponic greenhouse usually relies on optimum crop root health and effective nutrient mobility. This study evaluated the effects of applying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar on different growth characteristics of commercial rose cultivars in a hydroponic cultivation system. In this experiment, Rosa hybrida cultivars were ‘Anjelina’ and ‘Dolce Vita’. Treatments included concentrations of 0, 1.5, 3 and 6 g L-1 biochar, and 0 and 7 g L-1 of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as organic biofertilizers for the growth of rose plants. Biofertilization at 3 g L-1 biochar and 7 g L-1 arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi optimally increased the flowering shoot diameter, flower diameter, flowering shoot length, and leaf phosphorus content. The ‘Dolce Vita’ cultivar responded more favorably to higher concentrations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar than the ‘Angelina’ cultivar in the hydroponic culture medium. Stem diameter, stem length, and flower diameter in both cultivars improved by higher biochar concentrations. The increased flowering shoot length resulted from root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and increased nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus. A higher nutrient supply increased cell division and shoot growth.
Fakhar Uddin Talukder; Md. Sohanur Rahman; Md. Kamrul Hassan
Abstract
Litchi is a non-climacteric fruit (Wills et al. 2004) and it deteriorates very fast after harvest. Various technologies have been devised to minimize the post-harvest losses of litchi, one of such technologies is the use of PP bag & low temperature. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the ...
Read More
Litchi is a non-climacteric fruit (Wills et al. 2004) and it deteriorates very fast after harvest. Various technologies have been devised to minimize the post-harvest losses of litchi, one of such technologies is the use of PP bag & low temperature. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of thiLitchi is a non-climacteric fruit and it deteriorates very fast after harvest. Various technologies have been devised to minimize the post-harvest losses of Litchi; one of such technologies is the use of Polypropylene bag and low temperature. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of thickness of polypropylene bags and low temperature on the storage behavior of Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn, var. Bombai). The experiment consisted of two factors including temperature (T1: Ambient temperature, T2: 4ºC temperature); and Polypropylene bags (P1: Control (unwrapped), P2: 50 μm Polypropylene bag, P3: 75 μm Polypropylene bag, P4: 100 μm Polypropylene bag. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The postharvest treatments caused highly significant variation in the shelf life of Litchi. Among the treated and untreated fruits, 75 μm Polypropylene bags at low temperature (4 ºC) exhibited better storage performance. The fruits wrapped in 75 μm Polypropylene bag at 4 °C showed the longest shelf life (23.67 days) followed by 50 μm and 100 μm Polypropylene bags at 4 °C (23.33 days). The shortest shelf life was obtained in the untreated fruits (3 days). It may be concluded that keeping Litchi in 75 μm Polypropylene bag and stored in low temperature (4 ºC) is the best postharvest approach to extend Litchi shelf life without considerable negative effects on fruit quality. For short-term storage of Litchi fruits 75 μm Polypropylene bag at ambient temperature is recommended.ckness of polypropylene bags and low temperature on the storage behaviour of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn, var. Bombai). The experiment consisted of two factors. Factor A: Temperature viz. T1: Ambient temperature, T2: 4ºC temperature; Factor B: PP bags (Polypropylene bag) viz. P1: Control (unwrapped), P2: 50 micro meter (µm) PP bag, P3: 75µmm PP bag, P4: 100µm PP bag. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The postharvest treatments showed highly significant variation in the shelf life of litchi. Among the treated and untreated fruits, 75µm pp bag at low temperature (4ºC) treatment exhibited better storage performance. The fruits wrapped in 75µm pp bag at 4°C showed the longest shelf life (23.67 days) followed by 50µm & 100µm pp bag at 4°C (23.33 days) and it was the lowest in the untreated fruits (3 days). More research should be conducted by using other litchi cultivar like Bedana, China-3 etc. It may be concluded that keeping litchi in 75µ PP bag and stored in low temperature (4ºC) is the best to extend its shelf life without affecting the quality. For short-term storage of litchi fruits 75µ PP bag at ambient temperature would be recommended.
Oksana Lastochkina; Darya Garshina; Chulpan Allagulova; Liudmila Pusenkova; Svetlana Garipova; Dilara Maslennikova; Kristina Fedorova; Irina Shpirnaya; Almaz Ibragimov; Igor Koryakov; Azalia Sakhapova; Guzel Yuldasbaeva; Anastasia Dmitrieva; Mohammadhadi Sobhani; Sasan Aliniaeifard
Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms which help plants to grow better especially under stress conditions are known as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). These biotic agents, especially Bacillus subtilis have well-known role in plant growth promotion and induction of tolerance to stress in plants. They are ...
Read More
Beneficial microorganisms which help plants to grow better especially under stress conditions are known as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). These biotic agents, especially Bacillus subtilis have well-known role in plant growth promotion and induction of tolerance to stress in plants. They are deemed to act as bio-active and eco-friendly agents to facilitate plant growth under stressful conditions and even to control postharvest decays. Microbial antagonists, including B. subtilis, effectively control postharvest diseases of different fruits, vegetables and flowers, which is manifested in prolonged storage period and shelf/vase life, while preserving qualities and reducing weight losses. In this review paper we highlight the potential benefit of PGPBs especially B. subtilis, as important biotic useful agents to help horticultural plant perform better under stressful conditions and to delay senescence and control the postharvest deterioration through activation of different defense mechanisms. We further elaborate the underlying mechanisms that PGPB used to help plants to cope with stressful conditions. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of PGPB especially B. subtilis action requires further detailed investigations to fully utilize their potentials in horticulture industry.
Mohammad Taheri; Mousa Mousavi; Seyed Mohammad Hassan Mortazavi
Abstract
Olive shoots have a hard-rooting nature that causes significant problems associated with olive micro-propagation under in vitro conditions. Several factors may contribute to alleviating this problem, in cluding zinc and its derivatives. The current research involved the application of zinc oxide nanoparticles ...
Read More
Olive shoots have a hard-rooting nature that causes significant problems associated with olive micro-propagation under in vitro conditions. Several factors may contribute to alleviating this problem, in cluding zinc and its derivatives. The current research involved the application of zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc sulfate on olive explants ‘Caillette’, ‘Beldi’ and ‘Dezfoli’ cultivars. FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FESEM, EDS, and DLS techniques characterized the zinc oxide nanoparticles. Then, micro cuttings containing two buds were cultured on a half-strength MS medium containing 1.5 mg L-1 of BAP hormone and 1 mg L-1 of GA3 hormone. The treatments led to olive shoots, 3 cm in length that were transferred to a 1/2 MS medium containing 3 mg L-1 of IBA. The olive shoots were treated with two types of zinc compounds, including zinc sulfate (0.0, 2.43, and 4.86 mg L-1) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (0.0, 2.43, 4.86, and 7.29 mg L-1). The results showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles induced callus growth in response to all concentrations but prevented root growth. Alternatively, zinc sulfate at all concentrations induced root and callus growth, although to a smaller extent than nanoparticles. The ‘Caillette’ cultivar had the highest rooting percentage and heaviest fresh and dry root weight. The ‘Beldi’ cultivar had the lowest of these values. Several factors potentially contributed to these results, such as hormonal (auxin biosynthesis), biochemical (enzyme and other proteins), and molecular factors (bZIP TFs), which changed by zinc application. A complementary bioinformatics study was conducted as well.
Bayram Emin Develi; Natalia Miler
Abstract
In the present study, the influence of three-wide spectrum light-emitting diodes (LEDs), emitting warm light AP67 (moderate blue and red and low red:far-red), AP673L (high red and high red:far-red) and G2 (high red and low red:far-red) with different colours mixing blue, green, red and far-red was used ...
Read More
In the present study, the influence of three-wide spectrum light-emitting diodes (LEDs), emitting warm light AP67 (moderate blue and red and low red:far-red), AP673L (high red and high red:far-red) and G2 (high red and low red:far-red) with different colours mixing blue, green, red and far-red was used for micropropagation of three Polish potato cultivars; ‘Aruba’, ‘Oberon’ and ‘Skawa’. The planlets were grown in a growth chamber with a 16-h photoperiod. The photosynthetic photon flux density was 30 μmol m-2 s-1. The tissue culture medium for shoot proliferation was a standard MS-based medium. Microtuberization was observed on MS medium supplemented with higher sugar content (40 m g/L-1). Light quality affected the number of microtubers (MTs) per plantlet, the volume (cm3) of MTs, the fresh weight (mg) of MTs, and the width (mm) of MTs. Different light qualities did not affect morphological parameters, including length (mm), perimeter (mm), and crosssection area (mm2) of microtubers, whereas the highest number of microtuber were detected under the effect of AP67 light quality. The morphological parameters mostly depended on cultivar. The lowest number of microtubers was observed in the G2 treatment. In conclusion, ‘Aruba’ and ‘Oberon’ with AP67 and AP673L, as well as LED lighting systems, were determined as most suitable in terms of the MT count per plantlet. Also, these variables were most suitable for MT volume (cm3), fresh weight (mg), and width (mm).
Mitra Rahmati; Mehdi Rezaee
Abstract
Indicators for predicting the quality and vigor of fruit tree seedlings are useful if they can be easily and visually applied under different climatic regions. Considering the allometric relationships between plum seedling vigor index and morphological traits, the objective of this study was to evaluate ...
Read More
Indicators for predicting the quality and vigor of fruit tree seedlings are useful if they can be easily and visually applied under different climatic regions. Considering the allometric relationships between plum seedling vigor index and morphological traits, the objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological traits determining quality and vigor of plum seedlings of major commercial varieties in different regions of Iran based on path analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Plum seedlings of 8 commercial cultivars harvested with three replicates from 11 nurseries in four provinces. Morphological indicators included seedling height, diameter above the graft line (DAGL) and at root-collar (RCD), root length, number of roots and branches, dry weights of aerial parts and roots (ADW and RDW, respectively), ratio of height to DAGL and height to ADW, and vigor. Simple correlations between them were estimated. The correlation coefficients were broken down into direct and indirect effects through path analysis, with vigor as the dependent variable. Seedling vigor and some of its components, including DAGL and dry weight, increased and the ratio of height to DAGL decreased when accumulated growing degree-days (AGDD) was increased from 2700 to about 4500 °C per day in different regions. The average vigor for certified and uncertified seedlings was 11.7 and 19.2, respectively. Among the traits that can be evaluated in the nursery visually, DAGL showed higher correlation with vigor and the other morphological traits, which led to its being considered as the most important index for plum seedling evaluation.
Fatemeh Nazoori; Elaheh ZamaniBahramabadi; Seyed Hossein Mirdehghan; Mozhdeh Yousefi
Abstract
In recent years, sulfur has been shown to be effective in controlling pistachio psylla. In this study, the effect of sulfur foliar application as psylla pesticide on fresh fruit and kernel of three cultivars of pistachio was determined and compared with two commercial pesticides. Refinery micronized ...
Read More
In recent years, sulfur has been shown to be effective in controlling pistachio psylla. In this study, the effect of sulfur foliar application as psylla pesticide on fresh fruit and kernel of three cultivars of pistachio was determined and compared with two commercial pesticides. Refinery micronized and mineral sulfur were applied at two concentrations of 30 and 60 kg/1000 L of water. The quality of fresh pistachio hulls and kernels were investigated. In ‘Fandoghi’ cultivar, all sulfur treatments reduced the kernel moisture. The firmness and water activity of hulls and kernels were significantly affected. All sulfur treatments decreased hull lightness in ‘Fandoghi’, while it increased in ‘Akbari’ and ‘Ahmadaghaei’ cultivars. Reduction of hull chroma was observed in some cases in all cultivars. Hue of hulls was not affected by the treatments. Lightness, chroma and hue values of the testa of kernels were not affected in ‘Fandoghi’ and ‘Akbari’. In ‘Ahmadaghaei’, refinery micronized sulfur increased the testa lightness and hue and decreased chroma probably because of the softer texture of hull in ‘Ahmadaghaei’ which breaks more easily during harvest practice. Sulfur treatments positively influenced appearance and general acceptance of ‘Ahmadaghaei’ fruits. The taste and aroma of pistachios were preserved in most of treatments. High concentration (60 kg/1000 L) of both sulfur types enhanced the ethylene production in ‘Ahmadaghaei’ which was almost same as the unripe fruit because sulfur treatments reduced the percentage of unripe fruit. In ‘Ahmadaghaei’, refinery micronized sulfur treatments increased the respiration rate.
Seyyed Jaber Hosseini; Zeinolabedin Tahmasebi-Sarvestani; Hematollah Pirdashti; Seyyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy; Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli; Saeid Hazrati; Silvana Nicola
Abstract
Despite recent development in producing chemical medicines, associated side effects have led to increased use of medicinal plants and natural compounds. Soil salinity, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is a serious threat to global agriculture. Nowadays, efforts have been made to find benchmarks ...
Read More
Despite recent development in producing chemical medicines, associated side effects have led to increased use of medicinal plants and natural compounds. Soil salinity, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is a serious threat to global agriculture. Nowadays, efforts have been made to find benchmarks that can effectively select salt-tolerant or salt-resistant genotypes. In this regard, the use of computer software to predict the indices can help us for screening the most tolerant ecotypes. The objectives of the present study were to determine the best indicators of salinity tolerance using intelligent and regression models for eighteen commercial ecotypes of mint. The seedlings were planted in plastic pots and arranged in a split factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of four levels of salinity (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 dS m-1), two levels of harvesting time, and 18 ecotypes. The plants were grown until the flowering stage and then harvested. There was a significant difference between ecotypes in terms of calculated indices at all three levels of salinity. Indicators such as TOL, MP, GMP, YSI, STI and HM showed a significant positive correlation with YS and YP at all three levels of salinity. The cluster analysis divided the ecotypes into three distinct groups based on the calculated indices at all levels of salinity. The principal component analysis revealed that the YP, YS, TOL, MP, GMP, YSI, STI and HM were more suitable among others salt stress indices. The sensitivity analysis at 2.5 dS m-1 salinity level showed that the HM, STI, YSI, YI, SSI and MP indices were of higher importance than the others. At 5 dS m-1 salinity level, the HM, STI, YSI, YI, GMP and MP indices showed the highest importance whereas at 7.5 dS m-1 salinity level, the STI, YSI, YI, GMP and YP indices indicated the highest importance. In general, the results suggest that ANN(MLP) model (R2 = 0.999) is the best model to predict at all salinity levels. E13, E14, E15, E16 and E18 ecotypes are the most salt tolerant ecotypes which can be used for the future breeding program.
Md. Farid Hossain
Abstract
Planting date is an important factor which directly related to crop production in a specific area. Different planting time may affect crop yield and quality due to varying climatic conditions at different stages of crop growth and development. The present experiment was laid out to investigate the effect ...
Read More
Planting date is an important factor which directly related to crop production in a specific area. Different planting time may affect crop yield and quality due to varying climatic conditions at different stages of crop growth and development. The present experiment was laid out to investigate the effect of planting date at an interval of 15 days during winter season of 2019-20 on the yield and quality of cherry tomato. The potentiality of fruiting in the winter season was evaluated by planting on November 15, November 30, December 15, December 30 and January 14. Data on yield and quality attributes of cherry tomato like plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant (g), yield (t ha-1), TSS (%), pH and vitamin C contents (mg 100 g-1) were recorded. Results revealed that planting time had significant effects on the yield and quality parameters of cherry tomato. Cherry tomato performed better on 30 November planting date in respect of yield and vitamin C content due to favorable climatic conditions at different growing stages as per requirements that may lead to higher yield and quality of fruits.
Zahra Shirazi; Mahsa Rostami; Abozar Ghorbani
Abstract
Here, we evaluated how GolS and RfS gene families can potentially assist with grapevine drought tolerance. Through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, we identified a set of putative genes associated with drought response in grapes. The analysis revealed the conservation of key functional domains ...
Read More
Here, we evaluated how GolS and RfS gene families can potentially assist with grapevine drought tolerance. Through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, we identified a set of putative genes associated with drought response in grapes. The analysis revealed the conservation of key functional domains and conserved motifs within the gene sequences, suggesting their potential involvement in stress adaptation. Additionally, we performed expression analysis of the identified genes under drought stress conditions. Accordingly, the results indicated substantial up-regulation levels in several genes, suggesting their potential importance in how grapevines respond to water scarcity. We explored the co expression network of these genes and identified possible interactions and regulatory relationships. The findings provided valuable information on complex regulatory mechanisms underlying drought-response in grapevines. The results bear implications for the genetic improvement of grape varieties, particularly in enhancing drought tolerance. By understanding the genetic basis of the droughtresponse mechanism, we can develop targeted strategies to improve crop management and assist in future attempts to breed grape varieties, emphasizing an enhanced tolerance to water deficits. This study sheds light on the potential roles of the GolS and RfS gene families in grapevine drought tolerance. The findings underscore the importance of genetic adaptation in grapevines to drought stress conditions. The knowledge herein can guide future research and breeding efforts to develop drought-tolerant grape varieties, ultimately contributing to the sustainability of grape production and the agricultural industry.
Rahima Khatoon; Md. Mokter Hossain; Limu Akter
Abstract
Sweet gourd (Cucurbita moschata Duch ex Poir) holds 3rd rank among the vegetables grown in Bangladesh. Salinity affects almost all growth and physiological aspects of plant development and eventually reduces yield. Salt tolerant identification among the large genetic resources and breeding population ...
Read More
Sweet gourd (Cucurbita moschata Duch ex Poir) holds 3rd rank among the vegetables grown in Bangladesh. Salinity affects almost all growth and physiological aspects of plant development and eventually reduces yield. Salt tolerant identification among the large genetic resources and breeding population is a profitable study for solving the salinity problem. The aim of this investigation was to find out sweet gourd hybrids tolerant to salinity. Sixteen sweet gourd hybrids (F1’s) were used for testing salt stress tolerance levels. Salinity stress was induced by adding NaCl solutions (4, 8, 12, 16 and control 0.35 dSm-1). The experiment was conducted during October 2019 to March 2020 following randomized complete block design with three replications at Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI), Gazipur. Gas exchange parameters viz; photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), quantum yield (Fv/Fm), and relative water contents (RWC) were measured. Results showed that gas exchange traits and RWC of all hybrids were reduced under stress as compared to control. The photosynthetic traits of sweet gourd hybrids were found sensitive to salt stress causing reduction in overall growth under salinity stress. The reduction of gas exchange traits and RWC were the minimum in P11×P12 and P6×P14 while the highest Fv/Fm and RWC were noticed in P11× P12 at 8 dSm-1 salinity, whereas at 12 and 16 dSm-1 salinity, the highest Fv/Fm and RWC were recorded in P6×P14 and P11× P12 hybrids, so the hybrid P11× P12 can be considered as a salt tolerant sweet gourd hybrid.
Majid Esmaeili; Forouzandeh Soltani; Mohammad Reza Bihamta; Mohammad Javan Nikkhah
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate heritability, general and specific combining ability and the relationship between traits. Investigated traits were fruit number per plant, total yield per plant, average fruit weight, flesh thickness, flesh firmness, seed cavity size, total soluble solid, fruit ...
Read More
The purpose of this study was to estimate heritability, general and specific combining ability and the relationship between traits. Investigated traits were fruit number per plant, total yield per plant, average fruit weight, flesh thickness, flesh firmness, seed cavity size, total soluble solid, fruit length in melon. A complete diallel design was conducted for this purpose five parental genotypes were crossed and the hybrids were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance of traits showed a significant differences between hybrids, therefore the first Griffing method was used to analyze the combining ability. The general combining ability effects were significant for all parents in the evaluated traits. The specific combining ability of yield per plant was higher than the general combining ability, which indicates the dominance and non-additive actions of genes. High narrow-sense heritability for yield per plant, flesh firmness and the number of fruit per plant (0.86, 0.72 and 0.70, respectively) indicated low environmental effect for these traits and the greater role of additive effects. The highest narrow-sense heritability was estimated for yield per plant (0.86). The role of non-additive effects of genes in controlling yield and flesh firmness traits was greater than additive effects. Therefore, the preparation of superior hybrids using breeding methods based on progeny tests will be effective in improving the mentioned traits in melon.
Rabin Thapa; Praseed Thapa; Kafil Ahamad; Kourosh Vahdati
Abstract
A field-based experiment was carried out in Rukum (East), Nepal, from February to June 2020, to assess the effect of different methods and dates of grafting on the graft take rate of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) in field condition. The experiment comprised ten treatments with combination of two ...
Read More
A field-based experiment was carried out in Rukum (East), Nepal, from February to June 2020, to assess the effect of different methods and dates of grafting on the graft take rate of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) in field condition. The experiment comprised ten treatments with combination of two factors. The two factors included the grafting dates including: 13th, 19th, and 26th of February, 4th and 11th of March and grafting methods including: outdoor grafting and bench grafting (tongue grafting in both). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The findings revealed that bench grafting resulted in significantly better outputs than outdoor method for length of scion (at 30 and 60 days after grafting) and graft take rates. Bench grafting showed 44% graft take followed by outdoor grafting (38% graft take). Plants grafted on 13th and 19th of February showed statistically better results for growth performance over the other dates. Plants grafted on 19th of February showed 67% graft take with 53% saleable plants, but statistically similar to the plants grafted on 13th and 26th of February. The earliest bud burst was observed in plants grafted on 13th and 19th of February in 31 and 33 days, respectively. Bench grafting on 19th February showed significantly higher length of scion (16.4 cm) at 60 days after grafting. However, non-significant results were seen for other parameters due to the interaction. Therefore, bench grafting on 13th,19th and 26th of February led to the best graft take in Persian Walnut.Abbreviations: CV: Coefficient of Variation, LSD: Least Significant Difference, ha: hectare, mt: Metric tons, PMAMP: Prime Minister Agriculture Modernization Project, RCBD: Randomized Complete
Sara Moghare Abed; Davood Naderi
Abstract
In the production of flowers and ornamental plants, especially in the advanced greenhouse conditions, it is important to have a good light source and its accurate management. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of light quality on morphological and biochemical traits of two Marigold genotypes (Iranian-native ...
Read More
In the production of flowers and ornamental plants, especially in the advanced greenhouse conditions, it is important to have a good light source and its accurate management. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of light quality on morphological and biochemical traits of two Marigold genotypes (Iranian-native and Gitana). This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments included five light qualities including red, blue, 70% red:30% blue (70%:30%), and white lights with an intensity of 500 μmol m-2 s-1 [photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)] and greenhouse natural light (with an average intensity of 650 PPFD). The results showed that light quality had significant effects on all studied traits at p
Mahrin Binta Jahir Maliha; Mohammed Nuruzzaman; Belayet Hossain; Fariha Ahmed Trina; Nizam Uddin; Sajon Sarkar
Abstract
Micronutrients are required in small quantities for plant growth and development, nevertheless are indispensable for crop production. Soil application method of fertilizer is very common method for plant nutrition but foliar fertilization also plays effective role under certain circumstances. ZnSO4 applied ...
Read More
Micronutrients are required in small quantities for plant growth and development, nevertheless are indispensable for crop production. Soil application method of fertilizer is very common method for plant nutrition but foliar fertilization also plays effective role under certain circumstances. ZnSO4 applied as a source of Zinc (Zn) and borax utilized as the source boron (B), which are two micronutrients playing significant roles in growth and yield-related attributes of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Despite of their importance, foliar application of Zn and B on this economically valuable crop received little attention so far. Therefore, to assess the possible response of two okra varieties (‘Chamak’ denoted here as ‘V1’ and ‘Jadoo’ denoted as ‘V2’) to Zn and B, individual foliar spray of Zn and combination of Zn and B were applied on okra plants. The treatment consisted of T0 (Control), T1 (0.2% Zn), T2 (0.3% Zn), T3 (0.2% Zn + 0.2% B) and T4 (0.2% Zn + 0.3% B). Results showed that foliar application of micronutrients significantly improved the growth and yield-related parameters. Among the varieties, ‘Chamak’ showed highest plant growth, yield and yield-related attributes over ‘Jadoo’. In the case of Zn and Zn-B combination, the highest yield (17.7 tone/ha) was noted from T4 compared to control (11 tone/ha). On the other hand, in terms of combination of varieties and treatments, the highest yield (15.77 tone/ha) was found in V1T4 whereas the lowest (8.35 tone/ha) yield was recorded in V2T0, indicating the good performance of Zn and Zn-B combination for the growth and yield-related attributes of okra.
Babul Chandra Sarker; Joydeb Gomasta
Abstract
In a two-phase experiment during 2018 and 2021, we evaluated the propagation success of avocado against three types of grafting (cleft, veneer, and splice) and two budding techniques (T and patch) practiced in the 3rd week of February, April, June, August, October, and December, considering the atmosphere ...
Read More
In a two-phase experiment during 2018 and 2021, we evaluated the propagation success of avocado against three types of grafting (cleft, veneer, and splice) and two budding techniques (T and patch) practiced in the 3rd week of February, April, June, August, October, and December, considering the atmosphere of the six seasons (spring, summer, rain, autumn, late autumn, and winter, respectively) in Bangladesh. Cleft grafting was suitable during spring, demonstrating statistical superiority by exhibiting earlier bud sprouting (25.58 days) and better sapling qualities (16.27 cm scion growth and 14.57 leaves sapling-1). It produced a maximum number of transplantable propagules after ten months of grafting compared to all other combinations. However, commercial multiplications could not be satisfied with only a 48.00% success rate at the best combination. A post-grafting etiolation was therefore applied to the spring season’s cleft grafts. Out of 72-hour, 120- hour, 168-hour, and 216-hour etiolation and control (non-etiolation), etiolation up to 120-hour significantly augmented the success rate compared to the control treatment. The 216-hour etiolation treatment failed to produce any successful grafts. The earliest bud sprouting (21.37 days) with maximum bud sprouts (86.00%), transplantable grafts (78.67%), and superior quality grafts was obtained from the 120- hour etiolation compared to the other treatments, while the control treatment produced only 49.33% transplantable grafts. Thus, the 120- hour etiolation made 59.46% more transplants than the non-etiolation treatment. T-budding in winter was the worst technique and time for avocado grafting. Veneer grafting and the autumn season were the second-best options. Therefore, post-grafting treatment appeared best for avocado vegetative propagation.
