2024-03-29T11:09:28Z
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=8865
International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
Int J Hortic Sci Technol
2322-1461
2322-1461
2017
4
2
Genetic Diversity of Pear (Pyrus spp) Germplasm Assessed by Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) and Morphological Traits
Mohammad Mehdi
Sharifani
Tetsuya
Kimura
Toshiya
Yamamoto
Chikako
Nishtani
This study was conducted to identify and recognize relations and diversity among accessions of the Iranianpears (Pyrus spp). A total of 34 pear accessions, derived presumably from at least six species, were subjected to simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis. The Japanese and the Chinese pear samples were; “Housui” and “Yali” cultivars, example of Pyrus pyrifolia and P. bretschneideri, respectively. Some European pears and Iranian germplasm were analyzed. Seven SSR markers (KU10, BGA35, BGT23b, NH011b, NH013a, NH004a and NH015a) were used for the analysis. One hundred six visible amplified fragments (putative alleles) acquired for 34 pear samples NH011b and NH015a loci exhibited high heterozygosities of 0.82 and 0.79, respectively. BGA35 produced eight putative alleles, while NH013a created 22 putative alleles. The average value of allele per locus was 15. A phenogram was constructed based on the similarity-matrix data using the unweighted pair-group and arithmetic average methods. There was no association between the SSR and morphological phenograms. This work revealed relatedness of Iranian pear samples to the four species of P. communis, P. syriaca, P. salicifolia, and P. glabra.
Genetic diversity
Persian pear
Pyrus
simple sequence repeats
2017
12
01
145
155
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_67119_4b698f170aeec7b072a2b8b2da5364fd.pdf
International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
Int J Hortic Sci Technol
2322-1461
2322-1461
2017
4
2
Biological and Agronomical Characteristics of Local and Introduced Plum (Prunus domestica L.) Cultivars in Georgia
Elene
Maghlakelidze
Zviad
Bobokashvili
David
Maghradze
Plum local varieties and forms are widespread in all regions of Georgia. Despite the wide dissemination of this crop, the number of cultivars is not quite a lot. Due to this reason, study of cultivars has been carried out in a collection plot of the Scientific-Research Center of Agriculture, in village Jighaura. Eight plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars including: Amers, Bluefree, Chanchuri, Empresss, President, Stanley, Shaviqliavi, Tophit were used in this study. The following agronomic and biological characteristics were studied for the cultivars: calendar periods of phenological phases, pomological description of fruits, fruit chemical analysis and productivity. The results showed that average time of maturity was from 02.08. to 30.09. The average fruit yield in this trial for Empress and President Stanley cultivars was 88.4- 98.1 kg per tree. The weight of fruit ranged from 58.4 g to 26.2 g. The cultivars Tophit, Empresss and President contain the highest contents for soluble solid substance – respectively 14.23%, 12.81%, 12.64%. According to the obtained results, the following cultivars of plum can be chosen for further cultivation which can improve the local assortment of plum like Tophit and President (fresh production), Empress and Stanley (fresh/dry production). They are characterized by early starting production, high-productivity and high quality of fruits.
Flowering
fruit size
ripening time
yield
2017
12
01
157
166
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_66747_500d50e43c6ee0a08928cc87d479dc79.pdf
International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
Int J Hortic Sci Technol
2322-1461
2322-1461
2017
4
2
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Iranian Tulips Revealed by EST-SSR and NBS-LRR Markers
Ali
Pourkhaloee
Morteza
Khosh-Khui
Paul
Arens
Hassan
Salehi
Hooman
Razi
Ali
Niazi
Alireza
Afsharifar
Jaap
Van Tuyl
The genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) comprises about 100 species and Iran is considered as one of the main origins of tulips. In this research, genetic diversity and population structure of 27 wild populations of tulips collected from Iran were studied by 15 highly polymorphic and reproducible expressed sequenced tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers and 8 nucleotide binding site (NBS)-enzyme combinations. According to EST-SSR genotyping, the average of gene diversity (GD) and polymorphism information content (PIC) were 0.66 and 0.62, respectively. However, the values of GD and PIC were equal for each NBS primer–enzyme combination which ranged between 0.85-0.95 with a mean value of 0.91. The mean value of resolving power (EST-SSR = 1.93; NBS-LRR = 17.39) indicated that the NBS markers had higher discriminatory power compared to the EST-SSR markers. UPGMA clustering confirmed the results of PCA which was further confirmed by Bayesian model-based STRUCTURE analysis. Population structure analysis detected 3 and 4 gene pools for 27 wild tulip germplasms with EST-SSR genotyping and NBS-LRR profiling, respectively. The AMOVA results indicated that molecular variation among populations (ΦPT = inter-population variation) was 82% and 93% of the total variation for EST-SSR and NBS-LRR markers, respectively. The results of this study will help the conservation and phylogenetic studies of tulips.
Bulbous crop
Genetic marker
Motif-directed profiling
Population genetics
Tulipa spp
2017
12
01
167
182
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_66748_25b513e1e7333876b1db0d2c2d502e57.pdf
International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
Int J Hortic Sci Technol
2322-1461
2322-1461
2017
4
2
Sharka (Plum pox virus): A Forgotten Disease in Iran
Azam
Nikbakht Dehkordi
Nadali
Babaeian
Sajede
Karimpour
Pedro
Martinez-Gomez
Manuel
Rubio
Nadali
Bagheri
Plum pox or sharka, a viral disease caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), severely affects the production of Prunus species in Europe. The first evidence of sharka was reported in Iran in 2000 . Due to the economic impact of this disease on crop production, recent advances in the term of biology, epidemiology, and disease management are provided in this paper to assure awareness among growers and professionals involved in Prunus production. This study will provide fundamental knowledge about this virus to guaranty the successful detection and controlling of sharka disease in Iran.
Breeding sharka disease
control
detection
Potyvirus
Prunus
PPV
Resistance
2017
12
01
183
191
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_66749_a30a0ec7b39eab7356f9e5dc978cf415.pdf
International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
Int J Hortic Sci Technol
2322-1461
2322-1461
2017
4
2
An Evaluation of the Phytochemical Properties of some Pomegranate Cultivars During Fruit Development and Ripening
Hossein
Meighani
Mahmood
Ghasemnezhad
Davood
Bakhshi
The pomegranate fruit is a good source of bioactive compounds. The present study has investigated the biochemical and sensory characteristics of the arils of four Iranian commercial pomegranate cultivars namely Malase Shirine Saveh (MSS), Malase Torshe Saveh (MTS), Alak Shirine Saveh (ASS) and Agha Mohammad Ali (AMA) for several developmental and ripening stages during 45–180 days after fruit set (DAFS). The results showed that the total soluble solids (TSS), individual and total anthocyanin concentrations, and color parameters including chroma and a* values significantly increased, in contrast, the total phenolic concentration and color parameters (L* and hue angle) gradually decreased during developmental stages. Six anthocyanin pigments were found responsible for the red color of pomegranate juice. The quantity and the quality of the anthocyanin pigments were different among the cultivars and the various developmental stages. The predominant anthocyanin pigment at all developmental stages in all cultivars was cyanidin 3,5-diglucosides. The maximum total phenolic concentration was recorded at 45 DAFS for all cultivars. The highest antioxidant activity was recorded at 45 DAFS, and gradually decreased until 135 DAFS. Similar decrease was observed in total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations. Notably, increasing of antioxidant activity at the late-developmental stage was due to induction of the flavonoids and anthocyanins accumulation.
Anthocyanins
Antioxidant activity
Color parameters
phenolic compounds
pomegranate
2017
12
01
193
204
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_66750_397038a284a2e1d0664d4858ad146365.pdf
International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
Int J Hortic Sci Technol
2322-1461
2322-1461
2017
4
2
Anatomy of Salvia limbata in Relation to Altitudinal Gradient in West Azerbaijan (Iran)
Fatemeh
Nejadhabibvash
Esmaeil
Rezaei Chiyaneh
Alireza
Pirzad
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of altitudinal gradients on the anatomy of Salvia limbata C.A.Mey. (Lamiaceae). . The S. limbata species were collected from their natural habitats from various regions of West Azerbaijan province in Iran. The thickness of cuticle, collenchymas, phloem, xylem and pith of stem and leaf thickness were measured. Moreover, width, length and number of stomata on both adaxial and abaxal epidermal surfaces were analyzed. Statistical analyses were done on a completely randomized design. The results indicated that by increasing altitude leaf thickness increased from 239.1 to 300.1 µm. Number of leaf epidermal cells was also increased in higher altitude on both upper (4.30 to 5.61) and lower (1.05 to 6.55) epidermal surfaces. The results confirmed that more stomata on both adaxial and abaxial epidermis in high altitude samples were associated with presence of narrower and longer stomata on their leaves. Significant differences in the cuticle, collenchyma, xylem, phloem and parenchymatous pith thickness in the stem were observed in all the six studied populations. At higher altitudes thicker cuticle, increased number of collenchyma and wider xylem, phloem and parenchymatous pith were detected. Plants in Mahlamlu region had the thickest studied parameters and Plants in Kabudan Island region had the thinnest tissues.
altitude
Anatomy
Lamiaceae
Salvia limbata
2017
12
01
205
216
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_66753_9d351f7a84f1d8f7969020c98aec1cb8.pdf
International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
Int J Hortic Sci Technol
2322-1461
2322-1461
2017
4
2
Impact of Salicylic Acid on Phenolic Metabolism and Antioxidant Activity in Four Grape Cultivars During Cold Storage
Ghader
Habibi
Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in the regulation of plant ripening and responses to abiotic stresses. In this study, the protective effect of SA on cold stress-caused oxidative damage in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) bunches was investigated during cold storage. Grape bunches treated with 2 mM SA and stored at 0°C with 85-90% RH for 30 days. Samples were selected from each treatment for physical and chemical analysis before storage, midpoint of storage, end of storage and end of shelf life. The results showed that the cold storage induced lipid peroxidation, decay incidence and loss of fresh weight, while SA pretreatment mitigated these effects in “Bidaneh Sefid” and “Qzl uzum” cultivars. In these cultivars, SA-induced protection against cold damage was accompanied by decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and caused an increase in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Additionally, SA-induced protection against cold injury was mediated through promoting total phenolics concentration and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity. The present findings suggest that although variability in the protective effect of SA against cold damage was observed between grape cultivars, SA could alleviate the cold-induced oxidative stress in grape bunches during cold storage.
Cold stress
grape cultivars
Lipid Peroxidation
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
Salicylic Acid
2017
12
01
217
228
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_66756_fb6811c058bc26122b45dc45c83e677f.pdf
International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
Int J Hortic Sci Technol
2322-1461
2322-1461
2017
4
2
Pollinizer Influence on Fruit Quality Traits in Japanese Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.)
Sadegh
Barzamini
Reza
Fotouhi Ghazvini
Most Japanese plum-type cultivars are self-incompatible and therefore cross pollination is necessary to ensure fruit set. Moreover, pollen can directly affect fruit development process and quality. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of 6 pollen sources (‘Goje Sabz’, ‘Simka’, ‘Shablon’, ‘Methley’, ‘Myrobalan’ and ‘Black Star’) on fruit quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Prunus salicina cultivar ‘Black Star’, and identify the most effective pollinizer in the north region of Iran. The results showed that the pollen sources significantly affected different fruit characteristics such as fruit set, length, diameter, fresh weight, dry matter content and firmness. In contrast, total soluble solid, pH, total acid, vitamin C and total phenol did not significantly affect by pollen sources. Furthermore, it was found that the highest fruit set, physical dimensions, fresh weight and dry matter content were achieved when ‘Simka’ was used as pollen source. Finally, these results suggest that the pollen sources had xenia effects in Japanese plum and ‘Simka’ is the most suitable pollen source for Japanese plum ‘Black Star’ cultivar.
fruit set
plum
pollination
self-incompatible
2017
12
01
229
237
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_66759_d1eba9adb0f07b95b65e0d75260c75db.pdf
International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
Int J Hortic Sci Technol
2322-1461
2322-1461
2017
4
2
Resistance and Vegetative Growth Analysis of some Olive Cultivars in Response to a Defoliating Pathotype of Verticillium dahliae Kleb
Seyed Javad
Sanei
Seyed Esmael
Razavi
Verticillium dahliae Kleb. the causal agent of vascular wilt is an important pathogen of olive trees in growing areas of the world. Nine-month-old nursery olives including ‘Bladi’, ‘Conservalia’, ‘Kalamon’, ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Manzanilla’, ‘Mission’, ‘Marry’, ‘Picual’, ‘Rowghani’, ‘Sevillana’ and ‘Zard’ cultivars were root-dip inoculated with a defoliating (VCG1) isolate of V. dahliae obtained from diseased olives. Resistance was evaluated by assessing symptom severity using 0-4 rating scale and estimating the area under disease progress curves. The percentage of plants killed and final mean severity of symptoms were used as additional parameters for classifying the cultivars. Most of the tested cultivars were susceptible or highly susceptible to Verticillium wilt. However, two genotypes ‘Kalamon’ and ‘Koroneiki’ exhibited high resistance or resistance to this disease. Vegetative growth was reduced in inoculated plants due to infections caused by V. dahliae, although the reduction was remarkably higher in susceptible than in resistantcultivars. Correlation coefficient analyses revealed a negative relation between disease severity and vegetative growth. Dendrogram of olive cultivars based on all parameters represented two main clusters, major and minor. Minor cluster comprised only ‘Kalamon’ and ‘Koroneiki’ cultivars as resistant to V. dahliae. The major cluster could be divided into two groups, exhibiting extremely susceptible or susceptible reaction to V. dahliae.
Defoliating pathotype
olive
Resistance
vegetative growth
Verticillium dahliae
2017
12
01
239
250
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_66761_d0699b0cbc219ad692ef6726a8bf918f.pdf
International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
Int J Hortic Sci Technol
2322-1461
2322-1461
2017
4
2
Effect of Phenological Stages on Essential Oil Content, Composition and Rosmarinic Acid in Rosmarinus officinalis L.
Kianoush
Hassanzadeh
Sasan
Aliniaeifard
Mohammad Mehdi
Farzinia
Madeh
Ahmadi
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is an important medicinal plant that contained a wide range of secondary metabolites such as rosmarinic acid. In this study, essential oil content and composition and rosmarinc acid were determined at three phenological stages (before flowering, full flowering and fruit set stages). Hydro distillation method was used for essential oil extraction and GC and GC/MS was used for essential oil composition. On the basis of the obtained results rosemary plants in full flowering stage had higher amount of essential oil (1.99 ml/100 g dry weight) than in before flowering and fruit set stages (1.2 and 1.01 ml/100 per g dry weight, respectively). The extracted essential oil was contained 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, verbenone, camphor, geraniol, borneol acetae, camphene and linalool as major constituents. These constituents were affected by phenological stages. Before flowering, 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and verbenone (13.68%), in full flowering, 1,8-cineole (17.90%) and in fruit set α-pinene (21.77%) were the main constituents of the reosemary essential oil. Using HPLC analysis on leaf extract showed that the highest amount of rosmarinic acid (25.92mg/g DW) was observed in the fruit set stage. In conclusion, for essential oil content full flowering stage can be recommended for harvesting of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and for rosmarinic acid, fruit set stage can be the best time for harvesting of this medicinal plant.
Essential oil constituents
growth stages
phonological stage
Rosemary
2017
12
01
251
258
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_66762_0761a85db10ed634ac8469e464ac3e4b.pdf
International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
Int J Hortic Sci Technol
2322-1461
2322-1461
2017
4
2
Persian Walnut Phenology: Effect of Chilling and Heat Requirements on Budbreak and Flowering Date
Amin
Hassankhah
Kourosh
Vahdati
Majid
Rahemi
Darab
Hassani
Saadat
Sarikhani Khorami
Walnut production is limited by late-spring frost in many countries. The current research was carried out to evaluate chilling and heat requirement of catkin and terminal buds break on six selected superior walnut genotypes and cultivars (‘C-25’, ‘88-1’, ‘88-2’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Jamal’ and ‘Damavand’). The Utah and accumulation growing degree hours (GDH) models were applied to determine the chilling and heat requirements under field and greenhouse conditions, respectively. ‘Damavand’ cultivar (650 CU) and ‘C-25’ genotype (650-800 CU) had the lowest chilling requirement for terminal bud break. ‘Jamal’ cultivar and ‘C-25’ genotypes had the lowest chilling requirement to break the dormancy of catkins (650–800 CU). ‘Chandler’ cultivar and ‘88-1’ and ‘88-2’ genotypes as late-leafing genotypes/cultivars had the highest chilling and heat requirements to break dormancy of terminal buds (800-1100 CU and 11832-12648 GDH) and catkin (800-950 CU and 11484-12180 GDH). In conclusion, late-leafing genotypes/cultivars had the higher heat requirement than early-leafing genotypes/cultivars. Based on the results, a linear and significant relation was observed between chilling requirement and heat accumulation. Therefore, heat accumulation of buds and catkins was reduced by increase in the amount of chilling requirement. Furthermore, the result revealed that heat accumulation is more important than chilling requirements to estimate walnut budbreak date. The GDH of catkins and terminal buds was decreased with increase in the average temperature during heat accumulation.
GDH model
Juglans regia
Late-leafing cultivars
linear regression
Utah model
2017
12
01
259
271
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_68068_d174613fa5056ac0391c410ec13fcd72.pdf
International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
Int J Hortic Sci Technol
2322-1461
2322-1461
2017
4
2
Evaluation of the Modified VegSyst Model to Simulate Growth, Nitrogen Uptake and Evapotranspiration of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) under Different Management Practices
Mohammad Reza
Naderi
Mohammad
Bannayan
Morteza
Goldani
Amin
Alizadeh
Simulation models can be used for predicting crop behavior under various environmental conditions and management practices. By prediction of crop behavior, it may be possible to adopt management practices which can maximize crop growth and yield. In this study, the VegSyst model which was introduced for simulation of daily crop dry weight (DW), fraction of intercepted PAR (fi-PAR), crop N uptake and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of vegetables grown under intensively managed greenhouse conditions, was modified by attaching a component for simulation of the daily radiation use efficiency (RUE) and by introducing corrective factors for non-optimum growth conditions in order to apply it under field conditions and various management practices. The modified VegSyst model was calibrated and validated for pumpkin using growth data obtained from four years field experiments (2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014). This model very accurately simulated dry weight, fraction of intercepted PAR, radiation use efficiency, crop N uptake and crop evapotranspiration under optimum conditions for pumpkin growth (i.e. nitrogen rate of 250 kg ha-1, plant density of 2.5 plant m-2 and sowing date between 1-11 May). Under non-optimum growth conditions, model performance for simulating growth parameters of pumpkin was mostly very good or good. Suitable performance of the modified VegSyst model in simulation of DW, fi-PAR, RUE, N uptake and ETc of pumpkin under optimum and non-optimum growth conditions indicated that this model can be effectively used for studying growth of this important medicinal and forgotten crop under different management practices including nitrogen regimes, plant densities and sowing dates.
Crop Modeling
Field conditions
Forgotten crops
Model performance
Radiation use efficiency
2017
12
01
273
301
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_68067_7dd7f91caa35084a40e52a6159257521.pdf