ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Light Distribution in Chinese Solar Greenhouse and Its Effect on Plant Growth
Chinese solar greenhouse (CSG) is universally applied in northern China for producing horticultural products. CSG is characterized by the unbalanced structures with an arched front roof face to the south side and a thick wall as well as back roof in the north side. Such structures affect light distribution in the greenhouse. This study aims to investigate the light distribution properties in CSG from north to south sections, and to investigate tomato plant growth performance in the corresponding locations. Experiments were carried out in a CSG which was divided into three equal sections from north to south side. Tomato was grown in the greenhouse. Results showed that PAR intensity in the south and middle sections of CSG was permanently higher than the north section. This resulted in a distinct plant growth performance in CSG. Specifically, plants grown in the north section of CSG exhibited a shade avoidance response with stem elongation phenotype and leaf expansion. Furthermore, the north-plants showed lower leaf photosynthetic capacity which correlated with a lower total nitrogen and chlorophyll contents in comparison with the plants grown in the middle and south sections. Taken together, plants in the north section of CSG produced less total biomass than the middle and south section plants. We conclude that plant growth is not uniform in CSG due to heterogeneous light distribution which was caused by unbalanced greenhouse structures. This study may provide sound evidence for exploring a proper lighting strategy as well as fine crop management in CSG.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_61273_9d2e4476b9202c994fddc544648f92bf.pdf
2016-12-01
99
111
10.22059/ijhst.2017.61273
Chinese solar greenhouse
light distribution
plant growth
Tomato
Solanum lycopersicum
Li
Tao
litao06@caas.cn
1
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
AUTHOR
Zhang
Yu-Qi
zyqzyqzh@163.com
2
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
AUTHOR
Zhang
Yi
zhangyi03@caas.cn
3
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
AUTHOR
Cheng
Rui-Feng
chengruifeng@caas.cn
4
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
AUTHOR
Yang
Qi-Chang
yangqichang@caas.cn
5
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
LEAD_AUTHOR
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39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Humic Acid Application on Growth and Yield of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and Its Mycorrhizal Colonization Index under Deficit Irrigation
In this study effect of irrigation managements including irrigation after 100 and 200 mm pan evaporation as normal and deficit irrigation respectively was investigated in Roselle plants. Effects of humic acid (including 0 and 4 kg ha-1) and mycorrhizal inoculants (including Glomus versiforme (GV) and Rhizophagus irregularis (RI)) were also studied on growth, yield and mycorrhizal symbiosis index of Roselle plants. Drought stress reduced the amounts of morphological indices and yield components, while mycorrhizal treatment particularly RI inoculation and to a lower extent humic acid application reduced the negative impacts of water deficit on growth and yield of Roselle plants. Both inoculants of mycorrhizal fungi increased the economical yield of Roselle under drought stress condition, where the amount of calyx yield for RI, GV and control in 200 mm pan-evaporation treatment was 130, 127 and 66 kg ha-1, respectively. In addition, the highest root mycorrhizal frequency was obtained at normal irrigation × humic application × RI (95%) and the lowest value was observed at deficit irrigation × no-humic × no-mycorrhizal inoculation (31.6%) treatment. In conclusion, combined effects of experimental factors showed that seed inoculation of plants by mycorrhiza and to some extent application of humic acid are two reliable strategies for Roselle production under deficit irrigation.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_62912_2d72bbbf4562d5ef38f3c3a5c0bf832d.pdf
2016-12-01
113
128
10.22059/ijhst.2016.62912
Calyx
Drought stress
Glomus versiforme
medicinal plants
Rhizophagus irregularis
Hamid-Reza
Fallahi
hamidreza.fallahi@birjand.ac.ir
1
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Morteza
Ghorbany
mghorbany@birjand.ac.ir
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Samadzadeh
arsamadzadeh@birjand.ac.ir
3
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahsa
Aghhavani-Shajari
mahsa.aghhavanishajari@stu.um.ac.ir
4
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir-Hassan
Asadian
asadian@birjand.ac.ir
5
Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Sarayan Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
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40
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41
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42
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43
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44
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45
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46
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47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Enhancement of Bacterial Wilt Resistance and Rhizosphere Health in Tomato Using Bionanocomposites
Biological control agents are useful components in the enhancement of plant disease resistance and improvement of soil properties. Effect of biological control agents (BCAs) as a disease control method in plants is hampered by their vulnerability to environmental and edaphic conditions. This study entailed the use of chitosan-silica nanocomposites for delivery of BCAs. Effect of BCAs-nanocomposite complexes (bionanocomposites) on resistance of tomato plants to bacterial wilt, mycorrhizal root colonization and rhizosphere soil properties were investigated. Replacement of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) in the nanocomposite with nano synthesized clay was also assessed on disease resistance. Tomato seeds and seedlings were pre-treated using bionanocomposites and then inoculated by Ralstonia solanacearum isolated from infected tomato plants in a greenhouse. Bionanocomposites treatment of tomato plants caused a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the level of pathogenesis-related biochemicals such as chitinase and glucanase. Furthermore, beneficial microbial colonization was significantly (P≤0.05) induced in roots treated with the bionanocomposites. Wilting incidence and symptoms were reduced by over 50% when bionanocomposites were used. There was no significant effect (P≤0.05) on induced host plant resistance when mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were substituted with nanoclay particles. Therefore, due to ease of availability with no significant (P≤0.05) difference in efficacy between the nanoparticles, replacement of MSN with nanoclay in synthesis of the bionanocomposites is recommended. We argue that substitution of nanoclay with MSN makes the process of synthesizing the bionanocomposites sustainable.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_62913_35afd609046eb414b2a14927f110e3ff.pdf
2016-12-01
129
144
10.22059/ijhst.2016.62913
AMF colonization
host plant resistance
mycorrhiza-helper micro-organisms
Nanoclay
resistance elicitors
Dennis
Gatahi
denmagkenya@gmail.com
1
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
LEAD_AUTHOR
Harrison
Wanyika
hwanyika@jkuat.ac.ke
2
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
AUTHOR
Agnes
Kavoo
agneskavoo@gmail.com
3
Karatina University, Kagochi, Karatina, Nyeri, Kenya
AUTHOR
Agnes
Kihurani
awkihurani@gmail.com
4
Karatina University, Kagochi, Karatina, Nyeri, Kenya
AUTHOR
Elijah
Ateka
emateka@yahoo.com
5
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
AUTHOR
Agrios, G. 2005. J. Plant. Pathol. (5th ed.), NY: Academic press.
1
Algam, S., G.Xie, B. Li, S.Yu, T. Su, and L. Larsen. 2010. Effects of Paenibacillus Strains and Chitosan on Plant Growth Promotion and Control of R. solanacearum Wilt in Tomato. J. Plant. Pathol. 92(3).
2
Barea, J., R. Azcon,and C. Azcon-Anguilar. 2002. Mycorrhizal Sphere Interactions to Improve Plant Fitness and Soil Quality. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek.81:343-351.
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Elphinstone, J., H. Stanford, and D. Stead. 1998. Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in Potato Tubers, Solanum dulcamara and Associated Irrigation Water in Bacterial Wilt Disease: Molecular and Ecological. Aspects (Ed. Prior P, Allen C and Elphinstone J), Springer Verlag, Berlin German.133-139.
7
Dennis, G., W. Harrison, K. Agnes and G. Erastus. 2016. Effect of Biological Control Antagonists Adsorbed on Chitosan Immobilized Silica Nanocomposite onRalstoniasolanacearumand Growth of Tomato Seedlings. Advances in Research. 6(3):1-23.
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Garcio-Garrido, J., and J. Ocampo. 2002. Regulation of the Plant Defense Response in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. J. Exp. Bot. 53:1377-1386.
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Gray, E., and D. Smith. 2005. Intracellular and Extracellular PGPR. Commonalities and Distinctions in the Plant-bacterium Signaling Processes. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37:395-412.
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Helander, I., E.L. Nurmiaho-Lassila, R. Ahvenainen, J. Rhoades, and S. Roller. 2001. Chitosan Disrupts the Barrier Properties of the Outer Membrane of Gram-negative Bacteria. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 71: 235-244.
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Hodge, A. 2000. Microbial Ecology of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza. FEMS. Microbiol. Ecol.32:91-96.
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Jach, G., B. Gornhadt, J. Mundy, J. Logemann, E.Pinsdorf, R. Leah, J. Schell,and C. Maas. 1995. Enhanced Quantative Resistance AgainstFungal Disease by Combinatorial Expression of Different Barley Antifungal Proteins in Transgenic Tobacco.
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Jongedijk, E., H.Tigelaar, J. VanRoekel, S. Bres-vloemans, I. Dekker, P. Van denElzen, B. Cornelissen, and L. Melchers. 1995. Synergistic Activity of Chitinase and B, 1-3 Glucanase Enhances Fungal Resistance in Transgenic Tomato Plants. Euphytica. 85:173-180.
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Karungi, J., S. Kyamanywa, E. Adipala, and M.Erbaugh. 2011. Pesticide Utilization, Regulation and Future Prospects in Small Scale Horticultural Crop Production Systems in a Developing Country, Pesticides in the Modern world-Pesticides Use and Management.307-459.
16
Kenya Horticulture competitiveness Project (KHCP)-USAID Report. 2012.
17
Kenya Horticulture Development Project (KHDP) Report. 2007.
18
Korbie, J., and S.Mattick.2008. Touchdown PCR for Increased Specificity and Sensitivity in PCR Amplification.NatProtoc.3(9):1452-6.
19
Kubata, M., M. Matsui, H. Chiku, N. Kasashima, M.Shimojoh, and K. Sakaguchil. 2005. Cell adsorption and Selective Desorption for Separation of Microbial Cells by Using Chitosan Immobilized Silica. Appl. Environ Microbial. 71(12):8895-8902.
20
Kumlachew, A. (2014). Real-Time PCR and Its Application in Plant Disease Diagnostics Advances in Life Science and Technology. Retrieved from: www.iiste.org Maksimov, I., K. Abigizgildina, and L. Pusenkova. 2011. PGPR as Alternative to Chemical Crop Protectors from Pathogens. Appl. Biochem Microbial. 47: 333-345.
21
Mandal, S., I. Kar, A. Mukherjee, and P.Acharya. 2013. Elicitor Induced Defense Responses in Tomato Against R.Solanacearum. Sci. World J.
22
Mylavarapu, R. 2009. UF/IFAS Extension Soil Testing Laboratory (ESTL) Analytical Procedures and Training Manual.Circular 1248, Soil and Water Science Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.
23
Neerja, C., K. Anil, P.Purushotham, K. Suma, P.Sarma, B. Moers-chbacher,andPodile. 2010. Biotechnological Approaches to Develop Bacterial Chitinase as a Bioshield Against Fungal Diseases of Plants. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 30:231-241.
24
Nguyen, M., and S.Ranamukhaarachchi.2010. Soil-borne Antagonists for Biological Control of Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Tomato and Capsicum. Plant Path.J. 92(2):385-395.
25
Noor, H. 1999. Sanitary andPhytosanitary Measures (SPS) and their Impact on Kenya. Eco news Africa:2-15.
26
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27
Park, K., D. Paul, Y. Kim, K. Nam, Y. Lee, H. Choi,and S. Lee. 2007. Induced Systemic Resistance by Bacillus vallismortis EXTN-1 Suppressed Bacterial Wilt in Tomato Caused by R.solanacearum. Plant.Pathol. J. 23:22-25.
28
Pratibha, S., K.Saravanan, R. Ramesh, K.P.Vignesh, S. Dinesh, S.Manika, S. Monica, Henry,and D. Swati. 2012. Cloning and Semi-quantitative Expression of Endochitinase (ech42) Gene from Trichoderma Spp. Afr. J.Biotechnol. 11(66):12930-12938.
29
Prevost, K., G. Couture, B. Shipley, R. Brzezinski, and C. Beaulieu. 2006. Effect of Chitosan and a Biocontrol streptomycete on Field and Potato Tuber Bacterial Communities. Biocontrol.51:533-546.
30
Pinto, K., L. Do Nascimento, E. Gomes, H. da Silva, and J. Miranda. 2012. Efficiency of Resistance Elicitors in the Management of Grapevine Downy Mildew (Plasmoparaviticola): Epidemiological, Biochemical and Economic Aspects. Eur. J. Plant. Pathol. 134:745-754.
31
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32
Saldajeno, M., and M. Hyakumachi. 2011. The Plant Growth Promoting Fungus Fusariumequiseti and the ArbuscularMycorrhizalFungus Glomusmosseae Stimulate Plant Growth and Reduce Severity of Anthracnose and Damping-off Diseases in Cucumber (Cucumissativus) Seedlings. Ann . Appl.Biol. 159:28-40.
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35
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36
Tim, M., J.Pingsheng, P. Ken, M. Robert,and O. Steve. 2008. Three Soil Borne Tomato Diseases Caused by Ralstonia and Fusarium Species and their Field Diagnostics. Plant Pathology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.1-6.Vahjen, W., J. Munch, and C.Tebbe. 1995. Carbon Source Utilization of Soil Extracted Micro-organisms as a Tool to Detect the Effect of Soil Supplemented with Genetically Engineered and Non-engineered Corynebacterium glutamiucum and a Recombinant Peptide at the Community Level. FEMS Microbial. Ecol. 18:317-328.
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Freezing Tolerance in Olive Cultivars by Stomatal Density and Freezing Stress
Selection of frost tolerant cultivars and understanding the mechanisms of frost hardiness could help to improve freezing resistance in olive plants. Olive cultivars may differ in frost hardiness due to differential survival of specific organs. The aim of this study was to screen different olive cultivars based on their stomatal density and metabolic modifications under cold conditions. The ‘Zard’ cultivar had the lowest while ‘Derak’ had the highest stomatal density, respectively. In another experiment, where entire potted olive plants were subjected to freezing stress (0, -6, -12 and -18 ˚C), ‘Zard’ and ‘Dehghan’ were found to be the most tolerant cultivars. They showed the lowest starch content, ionic leakage and wood injury. They also had the highest reducing sugar, phenolic and proline contents among studied cultivars. We concluded that ‘Zard’ and ‘Dehghan’ are the most tolerant cultivars and ‘Derak’, ‘Dakal’ and ‘Shiraz’ are the most sensitive cultivars to freezing injury.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_62914_34b3b46b9c417f598080ec9f2787dfe8.pdf
2016-12-01
145
153
10.22059/ijhst.2016.62914
hardiness
ion leakage
proline
wood injury
Majid
Rahemi
rahemi@shirazu.ac.ir
1
Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fateme
Yazdani
zahras1366@gmail.com
2
Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Sahar
Sedaghat
saharsedaghat75@gmail.com
3
Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Ameglio, T., M. Decourteix, G. Alves, V. Valentin, S. Sakr, J.I. Julein, G. Petel, A. Guilliot, and A. Laconite. 2004. Temperature Effects on Xylem Sap Osmalarity in Walnut Trees. Evidence for a Vitalistic Model of Winter Embolism Repair. Tree Physiol. 24: 785-793.
1
Barranco, D., N. Ruiz, and M. Gomez-del Campo. 2005. Frost Tolerance of Eight Olive Cultivars. Hort. Sci. 40: 555-560.
2
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3
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4
Candev, A., H. Gulen, and A. Eris. 2009. Cold-hardiness of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars in Cold Acclimated and Non-acclimated Stages: Seasonal Alternation of Antioxidative Enzymes and Dehydrin-Like Proteins. J. Agric. Sci. 147: 51-61.
5
Dubois, M., KA. Gilles, J.K. Hamilton, P.A. Robers, and F. Smith. 1956. Colorimetric Method for Determination of Sugar and Related Substances. Ann. Chem. 28: 350-356.
6
Ghasemi, A., A. Ershadi, and E. Fallahi. 2012. Evaluation of Cold Hardiness in Seven Iranian Commercial Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Cultivars. Hort. Sci. 47: 1821-1825.
7
Gomez Del Campo, M., and D. Barranco. 2005. Field Evaluation of Frost Tolerance in 10 Olive Cultivars. Plant Gen. Res. 3: 385-390.
8
Gutfinger, T. 1981. Polyphenol in Olive Oils. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 58: 996-998.
9
Hallwell, E.R. 1980. Cold and Freezer Storage Manual. AVI Westport CT 195 P.
10
Herber, R.L., L. Tyankoya, and K.A. Santarius. 1973. Effect of Freezing on Biological Membranes in vivo and in vitro. Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 291: 23-37.
11
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12
Mancuso, S. 2000. Electrical Resistance Changes during Exposure to Low Temperature Measure Chilling and Freezing Tolerance in Olive Tree (Olea europea L.) Plants. Plant Cell and Environ. 23: 291-299.
13
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14
Ortega-Garcia, F., and J. Peragon J. 2009. The Response of Phenylalanine Amimonia-Lyase. Polyphenol Oxidase and Phenol to Cold Stress in the Olive Tree (Olea europaea L.) cv. Picual. J. Sci. Food Agric. 89: 156-1573.
15
Palliotti, A., and G. Bongi. 1996. Freezing Injury in the Olive Leaf and Effects Mefluidide Treatments. Hort. Sci. 71: 57-63.
16
Rekika, D., J. Cousineau, A. Levasseur, C. Richer, H. Fisher, and S. Khanizadeh. 2004. The Use of a Bud Freezing Technique to Determine the Hardiness of 20 Grapes Genotypes. Acta. Hort. 640: 207-212.
17
Roselli, G., N.L.A. Porta, and N. Morelli. 1992. Valutazioni Del Germoplasma di Olive Per la Tolleranza a Stress da Freddo. Anti Convego Germoplasma Fruiticolo. 9: 107-112.
18
Roselli, G., G. Benelli, and D. Morelli. 1989. Relationship Between Stomatal Density and Winter Hardiness in Olive (Olea europaes L). Hort. Sci. 64: 199-203.
19
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20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Promoted Growth and Improved Quality of Gerbera jamesonni L. Flowers Using Exogenous Application of Amino Acids
Commercially available amino acids mixtures have several advantages such as enhancing assimilation of fertilizer, facilitating uptake of water and nutrients and improving photosynthesis of plants. To investigate the response of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonni L.) flowers ‘Saltino’ to foliar application of a mixture of 19 essential amino acids (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg L-1) and ammonium nitrate (200 mg L-1) as nitrogen source, a pot experiment was carried out in the research greenhouse of Eram Botanical Garden of Shiraz University. Number of flowers, flower diameter, stems length, chlorophyll, proline, protein and nitrogen contents, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and vase life of flowers were significantly improved by amino acids treatments. No significant difference was observed between ammonium nitrate and amino acids mixture for flower fresh and dry weights. Results suggested that application of amino acids mixture can induce acetyl CoA, which plays an improvingrole in physiological processes in plants. Application of amino acids mixture as a promising and sustainable approach can be recommended to promote quality and quantity of gerbera flowers.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_62915_ef4eb552f2be6485fc1018c94b026fff.pdf
2016-12-01
155
166
10.22059/ijhst.2016.62915
Amino acid
Ammonium nitrate
gerbera
morphological
physiological
vase life
Nafiseh
Geshnizjani
nafiseh.geshnizjani@wur.nl
1
Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Morteza
Khosh-khui
mkhoshkhui@yahoo.com
2
Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abou Dahab, T.A.M., and H.G. Abd El-Aziz. 2006. Physiological Effect of Diphenylamine and Tryptophan on the growth and Chemical Constituents of Philodendron erubescens Plants. World J. Agr. Sci. 75: 75-81.
1
Abd El-Aziz, N.G., M.H. Mahgoub and A.A.M. Mazher. 2009. Physiological Effect of Phenylalanine and Tryptophan on Growth and Chemical Constituents of Antirrhinum majus plants. Ozean J. Appl. Sci. 2:399-407.
2
Arnon, D. 1949. Copper Enzymes in Isolated Chloroplasts, Phytophenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol. 24: 1-15.
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Attoa, G.E., H.E. Wahba, and A.A. Farahat. 2002. Effect of Some amino acids and Sulphur Fertilization on growth and Chemical Composition of Iberis amara L. Plants. Egypt. J. Hort. 29: 17-37.
4
Bates, L.S., R.P. Waldren, and I.D. Teare. 1973. Rapid Determination of Free Proline For Water Stress Studies. Plant Soil. 39: 205-208.
5
Beale, S.I. 1990. Biosynthesis of the Tetrapyrrole Pigment Precursor, Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid, From Glutamate. Plant Physiol. 93:1273-1279.
6
Bekheta, M.A., and M.H. Mahgoub. 2005. Application of Kinetin and Phenylalanine to Improve Flowering Characters, Vase Life of Cut Flowers as well as Vegetative Growth and Biochemical Constituents of Carnation Plants. J. Appl. Sci.20: 234-246.
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Hua-Jing, W., W. Liang-Huan, W. Min-Yan, Z. Yuan-Hong, T. Qin-Nan, and Z. Fu-Suo. 2007. Effects of Amino Acids Replacing Nitrate on Growth, Nitrate Accumulation, and Macro Element Concentrations in Pak-choi (Brassica chinensis L.). Pedosphere. 17: 595-600.
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Iman, M., M.I. Talaat, M.A. Bekheta, H. Mona, and M. Mahgoub. 2005. Physiological Response of Periwinkle Plants (Catharanthus roseus L.) to Tryptophan and Putrescine. Int. J. Agr. Biol. 2: 210-213.
16
Issa, M., G. Ouzounidou, H. Maloupa, and H.A. Constantinidou. 2001. Seasonal and Diurnal Photosynthetic Responses of Two Gerbera Cultivars to Different Substrates and Heating Systems. Sci. hort. 88: 215-234.
17
Jones, D.L., D. Shannon, T. Junvee-Fortune, and J.F. Farrar. 2005. Plant Capture of Free Amino Acids is Maximized Under High Soil Amino Acid Concentrations. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37: 179-181.
18
Karima, M., G. El-Din, and M.S.A. Abd El-Wahed. 2005. Effect of Some Amino Acids on Growth and Essential Oil Content of Chamomile Plant. Int. J. Agr. Biol. 7: 376-380.
19
Mazher, A.A.M., S.M. Zaghloul, S.A. Mahmoud, and H.S. Siam. 2011. Stimulatory Effect of kinetin, Ascorbic Acid and Glutamic Acid on Growth and Chemical Constituents of Codiaeum variegatum L. Plants. American-Eurasian J. Agr. Environ. Sci. 10: 318-323.
20
Mona, G.D., and S.S. Mervat. 2005. Physiological Response of Canola Plants (Brassica napus L.) to Tryptophan or Benzyladenine. Seria Agron. 50: 198-207.
21
Mona, H., A. Mahgoub, M. Iman, and I.M. Talaat. 2005. Physiological Response of Rose Geranium (Pelarogenium graveolens L.) to Phenylalanine and Nicotinic acid. Annal. Agr. Sci. Moshtohor. 43: 807-822.
22
Nahed, G.A.A., A.A.M. Mazher, and M.M. Farahat. 2010. Response of vegetative growth and Chemical Constituents of Thuja orientalis L. Plant to Foliar Application of Different Amino Acids at Nubaria. J. Am. Sci. 6: 295-301.
23
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24
Nahed, G.A.A., M.H. Mahgoub, and A.M. Mazher. 2009b. Physiological Effect of Phenylalanine and Tryptophan on the Growth and Chemical Constituents of Antirrhinum majusplants. Ozean J. Appl. Sci. 2: 399-407.
25
Nahed, G., N.G. Abd El-Aziz, and K. Balbaa. 2007. Influence of Tyrosine and Zinc on Growth, Flowering and Chemical Constituents of Salvia farinacea Plants. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 3: 1479-1489.
26
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27
Nikbakht, A., M. Kafi, M. Babalar, Y.P. Xia, A. Luo, and N. Etemadi. 2008. Effect of Humic Acid on Plant Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Postharvest Life of Gerbera. J. Plant Nutr. 31: 2155-2167.
28
Qing Zhu, L., L. Chao Han, Y. Xian Chang, and S. Qing Hua. 2011. Gibberellin A3 Pretreatment Increased Antioxidative Capacity of Cucumber Radicles and Hypocotyls under Suboptimal Temperature. Afr. J. Agr. Res. 6: 4091-4098.
29
Rashad, E., M. El-Habba, and M.M. Farahat. 2002. Growth, Fruiting and Active Ingredient Hot Pepper Plants as Affected by Phenylalanine, Cinamic Acid and Coumaric Acid. Egypt. J. Appl. Sci. 17: 698-715.
30
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33
Talaat, I.M., and A.A. Youssef. 2002. The Role of the Amino Acids lysine and Ornithine in Growth and Chemical Constituents of Basil Plants. Egypt. J. Appl. Sci. 17: 83-95.
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41
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Histology of Minigrafting of Persian Walnut Trees cv. Chandler
Compared to other techniques of propagation, grafting is the most successful and feasible technique for asexual propagation of walnut plants. There is little information about graft union formation in walnut. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate histological events during graft union formation in Juglans regia L. cv. Chandler scions when minigrafted on the one-year-old seedlings. Cross and longitudinal sections of the graft union were taken for examining different stages of grafting process after 1, 14, 30, 60, 120, 180, 420 and 540 days of minigrafting. One day after grafting, brown necrotic layers were observed at the cut edges. The first callus cells were initiated from cambium layer of rootstock 14 days after grafting but there was weak connection between two parts. New vascular connections between rootstock and scion were observed 30 days after grafting . Vascular connections were increased in central parts of the graft union 60 days after grafting. In mid-summer (180 days after grafting), necrotic layer was almost disappeared in the central longitudinal sections but they were increased especially in the bark, callus and top parts of the graft union due to high temperature and low humidity. In 420 days after grafting, two parts were strongly connected by xylem vessels, but necrotic layer was still remained and observed in some parts. In 540 day after grafting which was coincided with the end of second growing season, two parts were tightly connected to each other and necrotic layer disappeared in most of cross and longitudinal sections.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_62916_0fbcdedf8b924578f154ff95999bf38d.pdf
2016-12-01
167
177
10.22059/ijhst.2016.62916
callus
Graft union
Rootstock
scion
vascular connection
Walnut
Mina
Farsi
minafarsi@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Fatahimoghadam
fattahi@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Zabihollah
Zamani
zamani@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Darab
Hassani
4
Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Ahmadi
ahmadz@ut.ac.ir
5
Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Achim, C., and I. Botu. 2001. Results in Walnut Propagation by Using Different Methods. Acta. Hort. 422: 503-510.
1
Ada, S., and E. Ertan. 2013. Histo-cytological Study of the Graft Union of the Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill)/Oak (Quercus vulcanica Boiss). Agric. Forest. Fish. 2(2): 110-115.
2
Aminzadeh, F. 2012. An Investigation on Minigrafting of Walnut in Semi-controlled Conditions. Univ. of Tehran, Iran, M.Sc. Thesis.
3
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4
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5
Avanzato, D., and J. Atefi. 1997. Walnut Grafting by Heating the Graft Point Directly in the Field. Acta. Hort. 442: 291-294.
6
Balanian, H. 2010. Walnut Minigrafting in Controlled Conditions. Univ. of Tehran, Iran, M.Sc. Thesis.
7
Balta, F., A. Kazankaya, and F.E. Tekintas. 1996. Anatomical and Histological Observation Prior to Transplanting on Omega Grafts (J. regia L.) Exposed to the Controlled Conditions. Symposium of the Hazelnut and Other Nut Fruits. J. Agric. Fac. OMU. 343-352.
8
Barnett, J.R., and H. Miller. 1994. The Effect of Applied Heat on Graft Union Formation in Dormant Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. J. Exp. Bot. 45(1): 135-143.
9
Barnett, J.R., and I. Weatherhead. 1988. Graft Formation in Sitka Spruce: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study. Ann. Bot. 61(5): 581-587.
10
Bolat, I., M. Dikilitas, S. Ercisli, A. Ikinci, and T. Tonkaz. 2014. The Effect of Water Stress on Some Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Characteristics and Bud Success on Apple and Quince Rootstocks. Sci. World J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/769732.
11
Cline, M.N. 1980. The Histology and Histochemistry of the Wound-healing Process in Geranium Cuttings in Relationship to Basal Stem rot Caused by Pythium ultimum. Univ. of Illinois, USA, PhD Diss.
12
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13
Copes, D.L. 1969. Graft Union Formation in Douglas Fir. Am. J. Bot. 56: 285-289.
14
Dehghan, B., K. Vahdati, D. Hassani, and R. Rezaee. 2010. Bench-grafting of Persian Walnut as Affected by Pre- and Post-grafting Heating and Chilling Treatments. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotech. 85(1): 48-52.
15
Dehghan, B., K. Vahdati, R. Rezaee, and D. Hassani. 2009. Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Grafting as Influenced by Different Bench Grafting Methods and Scion Cultivars. J. Appl. Hortic. 11(1): 56-58.
16
Dolgun, O., A. Yildirim, M. Polat, F. Yildirim, and A. Adkin. 2009. Apple Graft Formation in Relation to Growth Rate Features of Rootstocks. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 4(5): 530-534.
17
Dolgun, O., F.E. Tekintas, E. Ertan. 2008. A histological Investigation on Graft Formation of Some Nectarine Cultivars Grafted on Pixy Rootstock. World J. Agric. Sci. 4(5): 565 -568.
18
Ebrahimi, A., K. Vahdati, and E. Fallahi. 2006. Improved Success of Persian Walnut Grafting under Environmentally Controlled Conditions. Int. J. Fruit Sci. 6: 3-12.
19
Errea, P., L. Garay, and J.A. Marin. 2001. Early Detection of Graft Incompatibility in Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) Using In Vitro Techniques. Plant Physiol. 112: 135-141.
20
Errea, P., D. Treutter, and W. Feucht. 1994a. Characterization of Flavanol-type Polyphenols in Apricot Cultivar and Rootstock. Adv. Hortic. Sci. 3: 165-169.
21
Errea, P., A. Felipe, and M. Herrero. 1994b. Graft Establishment Between Compatible and Incompatible Prunus Spp. J. Exp. Bot. 45: 393-401.
22
Espen, L., M. Cocucci, and G. Attilio Sacchi. 2005. Differentiation and Functional Connection of Vascular Elements in Compatible and Incompatible Pear/ Quince Internode Micrografts. Tree Physiol. 25: 1419-1425.
23
Frey, H.H. 2009. Factors Affecting Graft Success and Early Growth of Fraser Fir (Abies fraseri) Univ. of North Carolina State, USA, M.Sc. Thesis.
24
Gandev, S. 2009. Propagation of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Inder Controlled Temperature by the Methods of Omega Bench Grafting, Hot Callus and Epicotyl Grafting. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci. 15(2): 105-108.
25
Gandev, S. 2007. Budding and Grafting of the Walnut (Juglans regia L.) and Their Effectiveness in Bulgaria (Review).
26
Gandev, S., and V. Arnaudou. 2011. Propagation Method of Epicotyl Grafting in Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Under Production Conditions. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci. 17(2): 173-176.
27
Germain, E., F. Delort, and V. Kanivets. 1997. Precocious Maturing Walnut Population Originating From Central Asia: Their Behavior in France. Acta. Hort. 442: 83-90.
28
Hartmann, H.T., D.E. Kester, F.T. Davies, and R.L. Geneve. 2002. Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices, 7th Edn. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
29
Hinesley, L.E. 1981. Initial Growth of Fraser Fir Seedlings at Different Day/ Night Temperature. J. For. Sci. 27(3): 545-550.
30
Kankaya, A., S. Özyiğit, F.E. Tekintaş, and G. Seferoğlu. 1999. The Compatibility of Some Plum and Apricot Cultivars With Pixy Rootstock IV. National Horticulture Symposium, Ankara, Turkey.
31
Lantos, A. 1990. Bench Grafting of Walnut. Acta. Hort. 284: 53-56.
32
Mahunu, G.K., P.Y. Adjei, and A.K. Asante. 2012. Anatomical Studies on Graft Formation in Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). Agric. Biol. J. N. Am. 3(4): 150-153.
33
Mehmet, S., T. Karadanize, F. Balta, and E. Tekintas. 1997. Changing of Flavan Contents at Some Organs of Walnut Seedling (Juglans regia L.) Exposed to the Controlled Grafting Conditions. Acta. Hort. 442: 181-184.
34
Mitrovic, M. 1995. Effect of the Cutting Date of Walnut Scion Wood on the Take and Callusing of Grafts. Jugoslovensko voćarstvo. 29: 59-63.
35
Mng'omba, S.A., E.S. Du, Toit, F.K. Akinnifesi, and H.M. Venter. 2007. Histological Evaluation of Early Graft Compatibility in Uapaca kirkiana Müell Arg. Scion/Stock Combinations. Hort. Sci. 42(3): 1-5.
36
Moore, R. 1991. Graft Compatibilities in Vitro. In: Y.P.S. Bajaj (ed) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 17, High-Tech and Micropropagation I. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 71-84.
37
Moore, R. 1984. A Model For Compatibility-Incompatibility in Higher Plants. Am. J. Bot. 71(5): 752-758.
38
Moore, R. 1983. Studies of Vegetative Compatibility- Incompatibility in Higher Plants. IV. The Development of Tensile Strength in a Compatible and an Incompatible Graft. Am. J. Bot. 70(2): 226-231.
39
Moore, R. 1982. Further Evidence For Cell Wall Deposition During Graft Formation. Ann. Bot. 50: 599-604.
40
Moore, R. 1981. Graft Compatibility and Incompatibility in Higher Plants. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 5(3): 377-389.
41
Moore, R., and D.B. Walker. 1981. Studies of Vegetative Compatibility-Incompatibility in Higher Plants. I. A Structural Study of a Compatible Autograft in Sedum telephoides (Crassulaceae). Am. J. Bot. 68(6): 820-830.
42
Noel, A.R.A. 1968. Callus Formation and Differentiation at an Exposed Cambial Surface. Ann. Bot. 32: 347-359.
43
Pina, A., and P. Errea. 2005. A Review of New Advances in Mechanism of Graft Compatibility-Incompatibility. Sci. Hort. 106(1): 1-11.
44
Polat, M., O. Dolgun, A. Yildirim, M.A. Aşkin, and Z. Gökbayrak. 2010. Graft Union Formation of Spur Apple Varieties Grafted on Different Rootstocks. J. Food, Agri. Environ. 8(2): 490-493.
45
Rezaee, R., K. Vahdati, W. Grigoorian, and M. Valizadeh. 2008. Walnut Grafting Success and Bleeding Rate as Affected by Different Grafting Methods and Seedling vigor. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotech. 83(1): 94-99.
46
Rezaee, R., W. Grigoorian, K. Vahdati, and M. Valizadeh. 2007. Effect of Walnut Seedling on Root Pressure, Grafting Success, and Scion Growth. Iran. J. Hortic. Sci. Tech. 8(1):21-32.
47
Rongting, X., and D. Pinghai. 1993. A Study on the Uniting Process of Walnut Grafting and the Factor Affecting. Acta. Hort. 311: 160-172.
48
Rongting, X., and D. Pinghai. 1990. Theory and Practice of Walnut Grafting. Acta. Hort. 284: 69-90.
49
Sadeghi Majd, R. 2014. Comparing Patch Budding and Tongue Grafting in Walnut Under Controlled and Outdoor Conditions. Univ. of Tehran, Iran, M.Sc. Thesis.
50
Seferoğlu, G., F.E. Tekintas, and S. Özyiğit. 2004. Determination of Grafting Union Success in 0900 Ziraat and Starks Gold Cherry Cultivars on Gisela 5 and SL 64 Rootstocks. Pak. J. Bot. 36(4): 811-816.
51
Simons, R.K. 1987. Compatibility and Stock-scion Interactions as Related to Dwarfing. C.R. Rom, and F.R. Carlson (eds) Rootstocks For Fruit Crops. Wiley, New York, USA.
52
Soleimani, A., V. Rabiei, and D. Hassani. 2010. Effect of Different Techniques on Walnut (J. regia L.) Grafting. J. Food, Agri. Environ. 8(2): 544-546.
53
Soule, J. 1971. Anatomy of the Bud Union in Mango (Mangifera indica L.). J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 96(3): 380-383.
54
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55
Tekintas, F.E. 1988. Investigations on Graft Union in Walnut (Juglans regia L.) In Regard to Problems. Univ. of Age, Turkey. Ph.D. Diss.
56
Tiedemann, R. 1989. Graft Union Development and Symplastic Phloem Contact in the Heterograft Cucumis sativus on Cucurbita ficifolia. J. Plant Physiol. 134: 427-440.
57
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58
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59
Vahdati, K., and N. Zareie. 2005. Evaluation of Side-stub and hypocotyle Grafting Efficiency For Walnut Propagation in Iran. Acta. Hort. 705: 347-350.
60
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Calyx Biochemical Changes and Possibility of Reducing Thomson Orange June Drop by Nutrition Elements and Growth Regulators
Summer fruit drop (June drop) is one of the main reasons for low yield in some citrus varieties in northern Iran. Recognition of physiological changes in fruit abscission zone (calyx) and application of suitable treatments would reduce or control abscission. Hence, the changes of auxin, cellulose, and polygalacturonase in calyx of Thomson navel fruitlets were measured and their relations with abscission and mineral nutrition of fruitlets as well as the effect of different treatments on them at June drop were evaluated. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment was performed with 8 treatments and 4 replicates. Treatments were as follows: 1. control; 2. urea (1%); 3. urea + 2,4-D (15 mg l-1); 4.urea + GA3 (15 mg l-1); 5.urea + sucrose (1%); 6.urea + ZnSO4 (0.5%); 7. urea + ZnSO4 + 2,4-D; and 8. urea + ZnSO4 + GA3. Results showed that abscission had a significant negative correlation with auxin and a significant positive correlation with cellulase and polygalacturonase of the calyx. The control group had the lowest auxin and the highest cellulase in calyx. Maximum effect (Approximately 24% reduction in abscission) was obtained after foliar application of urea + sucrose (treatments 5). The use of urea alone or in combination with 2, 4-D and GA3 had no effect on abscission; however, using it in combination with sucrose was the most efficient treatment in this experiment. Furthermore, the combination of urea and Zn provided an effective treatment. A majority of micronutrients (Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B) had a positive correlation with auxin and a negative correlation with enzymes. Therefore, nutritional management and providing an appropriate condition to maximize photosynthesis can balance physiological metabolism and reduce fruitlets abscission.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_62917_cd21827593573fe88c7575876842b291.pdf
2016-12-01
179
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10.22059/ijhst.2016.62917
Abscission
Auxin
citrus
Enzyme activity
Nutrition
Negin
Akhlaghi Amiri
neginakhlaghi@yahoo.com
1
Horticulture Crops Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Asadi Kangarshahi
kangarshahi@gmail.com
2
Soil and Water Research Departrnent, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran
AUTHOR
Kazem
Arzani
arzani_k@modares.ac.ir
3
Horticultural Science Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Barzegar
mbb@modares.ac.ir
4
Food Technology Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Adney, B., and J. Baker. 1996. Measurement of Cellulase Activities, Pp. 48-58. In: B. Adney and J. Baker (eds.) Chemical Analysis and Testing. Laboratory Analytical Procedure.
1
Akhlaghi Amiri, N., A. Asadi Kangarshahi, and K. Arzani. 2006. Effect of Carbohydrate on Reducing Alternate Bearing of Satsuma Mandarin.27th Int. Hort. Cong., Seoul, Korea, P. 456 (abstr.).
2
Anonymous. 2015. Iran agricultural statistics Report (results of the survey Reports of horticultural Products). Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Department of Planning and Economy, Center For Information and Communication Technology, Tehran, Iran.
3
Asadi Kangarshahi, A., N. Akhlaghi Amiri, M. Mahmoudi, and M.J. Malakouti. 2002. Diagnosis of Nutritional Disorders in Citrus of Mazandaran (Limited and Recommends): Part 2. Micro Elements. Publication 269. Soil and Water Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.
4
Burns, J.K. 1998. Abscission in Citrus Fruit, Leaves and Flowers: Physiology, Molecular Biology and Possible Points of Control. Citrus Abscission Workshop. Citrus Research and Education Center. Lake Alfred. FL 33850: 28-36.
5
El-Otmani, M., A. Ait-Oubahou, F.Z. Taibi, B. Lmoufid, and C.J. Lovatt. 2000. Foliar Urea and Gibberellic Acid Increase Clementine Mandarin Fruit Set, Size and Yield. 9th Int. Citrus Cong., Florida, USA, P. 154 (abstr.).
6
Emami, A. 1996. Methods of Plant Analysis. Soil and Water Inst. Pub., N. 982, Tehran, Iran.
7
Ergun, N., S.F. Topcuoglu, and A. Yildiz. 2002. Auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid), Gibberellic Acid (GA3), Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Cytokinin (Zeatin) Production by Some Species of Mosses and Lichens. Turk. J. Bot. 26: 13-18.
8
Faize, M., T. Sugiyama, L. Faize, and H. Ishii. 2003. PG Inhibiting Protein (PGIP) From Japanese Pear: Possible Involvement in Resistance Against Scab. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 63: 319-327.
9
Ghose, T.K. 1987. Measurement of Cellulose activities. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 59(2): 257-268.
10
Gomez-Cadenas, A., J. Mehouachi, F.R. Tadeo, E. Primo-Millo, and M. Talon. 2000. Hormonal Regulation of Fruitlet Abscission Induced by Carbohydrate Shortage in Citrus. Planta. 210: 636-643.
11
Gross, K.C. 1982. A Rapid and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method For Assaying Polygalacturonase Using 2-cyanoacetamide. Hort. Sci.17(6): 933-934.
12
Huchche, A.D. 2001. Nature and Management of Citrus Fruit Drop, Pp. 287-294. In: S. Singh and S. Naqvi (eds.) Citrus. International Book Distributing Company. India.
13
Huchche, A.D., L. Ram, and R.R. Kohli, and H.C. Dass. 1993. Nature and Control of Fruit Drop in Nagpur Mandarin. Hort. Soc. India. 24-28.
14
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15
Iglesias, D.J., F.R. Tadeo, E. Primo-Millo, and M. Talon. 2006. Carbohydrate and Ethylene Levels Related to Fruitlet Drop Through Abscission Zone A in Citrus. Trees. 20(3):348- 355.
16
Iglesias, D.J., F.R. Tadeo, E. Primo-Millo, and M. Talon. 2003. Fruit set Dependence on Carbohydrate Availability in Citrus Trees. Tree Physiol. 23: 199-204.
17
Iglesias, D.J., Cercos, M., Colmenero-Flores, J.M., Naranjo, M.A., Rios, G., Carrera, E., Ruiz- River, O., Liso, I., Morillon, R., Tadeo, F.R. & Talon, M. (2007). Physiology of Citrus Fruiting. Braz.J. Plant Physiol. 9(4): 333-362. Mehouachi, J., D.J. Iglesias, M. Agusti, and M. Talon. 2009. Delay of Early Fruitlet abscission by Branch Girdling in Citrus Coincides with Previous Increases in Carbohydrate and Gibberellin Concentrations. Plant growth Reg. 58(1): 15-23.
18
Mehouachi, J., D. Serna, S. Zaragoza, M. Agusti, M. Talon, and E. Primo-Millo. 1995. Defoliation Increases Fruit Abscission and Reduces Carbohydrate Levels in Developing Fruits and Woody Tissues of Citrus unshiu. Plant Sci.107: 189-197.
19
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21
Pozo, L.V. 2001. Endogenous Hormonal Status in Citrus Flowers and Fruitlets: Relationship with Postbloom Fruit Drop. Sci. Hort. 91: 251-260.
22
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23
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24
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25
Unyayar, S., S. Faith Topcuoglu and A. Unyayar. 1996. A Modified Method For Extraction and Identification of Indole-3-acetic Acid (IAA), Gibberellic Acid (GA3), Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Zeatin Produced by Phanero Chaete Chrysosporium. Bulgarian J. Plant Physiol. 22 (3-4):105-110.
26
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27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Physiological Response of Okra cv. Kano to Foliar Application of Putrescine and Humic Acid under Water Deficit Stress
To investigate effects of putrescine (Put) and humic acid (HA) on fruit yield and physiological attributes of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. 'Kano') under water deficit stress, a field experiment was conducted in split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plants were exposed to three different irrigation regimes (33%, 66% and 100% ETc) and were treated with foliar application of Put (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM) and HA (0, 150 and 300 mg l-1). The results showed that deficit irrigation significantly decreased fruit yield, relative water content (RWC), vitamin C and water use efficiency (WUE), whereas proline content and catalase and peroxidase activities were increased. Foliar application of HA and Put significantly increased fruit yield, RWC, vitamin C and proline contents, catalase and peroxidase activities and WUE. The results suggested that HA at 300 mg l-1 and Put at 1.5 mM can improve growth, yield and quality of okra fruits.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_62918_a64920d67ee2df69ead36eccc0a96e88.pdf
2016-12-01
187
197
10.22059/ijhst.2017.213448.147
antioxidant enzyme activity
fruit yield
proline
vitamin c
Water use efficiency
Taher
Barzegar
tbarzegar@znu.ac.ir
1
Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan. Zanjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Pouria
Moradi
porya1988@yahoo.com
2
Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan. Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Jaefar
Nikbakht
nikbakht.jaefar@znu.ac.ir
3
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan. Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Ghahremani
zahraghahremany@gmail.com
4
Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan. Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Al-Harbi, A.R., A.M. AI-Orman and I.F.I. El-Adgham. 2008. Effect of Drip Irrigation Levels and Emitters Depth on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Growth. J. Applied Sci. 8(15): 2764-2769.
1
Aminifard, M.H., H. Aroiee, M. Azizi, H. Nemati, and H.Z.E. Jaafar. 2012. Effect of Humic Acid on Antioxidant Activities and Fruit Quality of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants. 18: 360-369.
2
Ashraf, M., N.A. Akram, F. Al-Qurainy, and M.R. Foolad. 2011. Drought Tolerance: Roles of Organic Osmolytes, Growth Regulators, and Mineral Nutrients. Adv. Agron. 111: 251-282.
3
Ashraf, M., and M.R. Foolad. 2007. Roles of Glycine Betaine and Proline in Improving Plant Abiotic Stress Resistance. Environ. Exp. Bot. 59: 206-216.
4
Bates, L.S., R.P. Waldren, and I.D. Teare. 1973. Rapid Determination of Free Proline for Water-Stress Studies. Plant Soil. 39(1): 205-207.
5
Brunetti, G., N. Senesi, and C. Plaza. 2007. Effects of Amendment with Treated and Untreated Olive Oil Mill Wastewaters on Soil Properties, Soil Humic Substances and Wheat Yield. Geoderma. 138: 144-152.
6
Cao, H.X., Z.B. Zhang, P. Xu, L.Y. Chu, H.B. Shao, Z.H. Lu, and J.H. Liu. 2007. Mutual Physiological Genetic Mechanism of Plant High Water Use Efficiency and Nutrition Use Efficiency. Colloids Surf. 57: 1-7.
7
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8
Davies, P.J. 2004. The Plant Hormones: Their Nature, Occurrence and Function. In “Plant Hormones, Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action” (P.J. Davies, Ed.). Kluwer, Dordrecht.
9
Duan, J.J., J. Li, S.R. Guo, and Y.Y. Kang. 2008. Exogenous Spermidine Affects Polyamine Metabolism in Salinity-stressed Cucumis sativus Roots and Enhances Short-Term Salinity Tolerance. J. Plant Physiol. 165: 1620-1635.
10
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11
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12
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13
Farooq, M., A. Wahid, and D.J. Lee. 2009. Exogenously Applied Polyamines Increase Drought Tolerance of Rice by Improving Leaf Water Status, Photosynthesis and Membrane Properties. Acta. Physiol. Plant. 31: 937-945.
14
Fu Jiu, C., Y. Dao Qi, and W. Quing Sheng. 1995. Physiological Effects of Humic Acid on Drought Resistance of Wheat (in Chinese). J. Appl. Ecol. 6: 363-367.
15
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16
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17
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18
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19
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23
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24
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28
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40
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44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Seed Germination, Vegetative Growth and Concentration of some Elements in French marigold (Tageta patula) as Influenced by Salinity and Ammonium Nitrate
Marigold has special importance and application in landscape designing. Nowadays, various species and cultivars of this plant are grown in many climates, where different environmental stresses such as freezing, salinity and drought can lead to vegetative disorders. This study was carried out to investigate the interactions between salinity and ammonium nitrate on seed germination, vegetative growth and sodium and potassium concentrations in French marigold flowers (Tegeta patula). The experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with two factors: salinity (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mmos cm-1) and ammonium nitrate (0, 15 and 30 g l-1) with four replications. Based on the obtained results, different salinity concentrations were negatively influenced all studied parameters except germination rate. The application of ammonium nitrate recovered the studied parameters to the same level as the control plants. Plant height was decreased by increasing salinity concentrations. The tallest plant was observed in the control treatments. Salinity levels negatively influenced shoot fresh weight. Different levels of ammonium nitrate had significant effects on root dry weight and potassium and sodium contents. Ammonium nitrate led to reductions in root dry weight and potassium content, and an enhancement in sodium content in the shoot. Sodium and potassium levels were increased and root dry weight was decreased by increasing salinity. Enhancement of potassium ions in the marigold following salinity stress can improve its tolerance to salinity stress.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_62919_02bdeec8451d2d4fd11c6a7dc2d8f77c.pdf
2016-12-01
199
209
10.22059/ijhst.2017.212510.145
Ammonium nitrate
Elements
Marigold
salinity
vegetative growth
Abdolhossein
Aboutalebi Jahromi
aa84607@gmail.com
1
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehdi
Hosseini Farahi
m.hosseini.farahi@gmail.com
2
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran
AUTHOR
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51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Nitric Oxide on Biochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Pomegranate Fruit cv. Shishe-kab During Cold Storage
Pomegranate is a subtropical fruit that is widely consumed as fresh fruit and juice, however, its postharvest life is limited mainly due to storage disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on antioxidant activity and quality attributes of pomegranate fruit. The fruits were dipped for two minutes into different NO concentrations (0, 30, 100, 300 or 1000 µM). Then, the fruits were stored in cold room at 5 °C and RH 85%. After 90 days storage, changes in chilling injury, electrolyte leakage, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), pH, antioxidant activity and total anthocyanin were evaluated. The results showed that 1000 µM NO application resulted in significant decrease in electrolyte leakage and TSS and maintained antioxidant activity and total anthocyanin in pomegranate fruit. However, no significant effect of NO treatment was observed on TA and chilling injury index. In conclusion, postharvest application of NO may be a promising method for maintaining quality of pomegranate fruit during cold storage.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_62920_c5635887da491e85d2fcf69fedaceba9.pdf
2016-12-01
211
219
10.22059/ijhst.2016.62920
chilling injury
Color
pomegranate
postharvest physiology
sodium nitroprusside
Fatemeh
Ranjbari
ranjbari.f70@birjand.ac.ir
1
Department of Horticultural Science, University of Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Farid
Moradinezhad
fmn_46@yahoo.com
2
Department of Horticultural Science, University of Birjand, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehdi
Khayyat
mhdkhayat@birjand.ac.ir
3
Department of Horticultural Science, University of Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
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1
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2
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3
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25
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36
Singh, S.P., Z. Singh, and E.E. Swinny. 2009. Postharvest Nitric Oxide Fumigation Delays Fruit Ripening and Alleviates Chilling Injury During Cold Storage of Japanese Plums (Prunus Salicina Lindell). Postharvest Biol. Technol. 53(3): 101-108.
37
Soegiarto, L., and R. Wills. 2006. Effect of Nitric Oxide, Reduced Oxygen and Elevated Carbon Dioxide Levels on the Postharvest Life of Strawberries and Lettuce. Anim. Prod. Sci. 46(8): 1097-1100.
38
Tadesse, T.N., A.M.I. Abtew, and W. Gebreselassie. 2015. Degradation and Formation of Fruit Color in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) In Response to Storage Temperature. Am. J. Food Technol. 10(4): 147-157.
39
Villarreal, N.M., G.A. Martinez, and P.M. Civello. 2009. Influence of Plant Growth Regulators on Polygalacturonase Expression in Strawberry Fruit. Plant Sci. 176(6): 749-757.
40
Wang, Y., Z. Luo, R. Du, Y. Liu, T. Ying, and L. Mao. 2013. Effect of Nitric Oxide on Antioxidative Response and Proline Metabolism in Banana During Cold Storage. J. Agr. Food Chem. 61(37): 8880-8887.
41
Wu, B., Q. Guo, Q. Li, Y. Ha, X. Li, and W. Chen. 2014. Impact of Postharvest Nitric Oxide Treatment on Antioxidant Enzymes and Related Genes in Banana Fruit in Response to Chilling Tolerance. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 92: 157-163.
42
Wu, F., H. Yang, Y. Chang, J. Cheng, S. Bai, and J. Yin. 2012. Effects of Nitric Oxide on Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Capacity in Chinese Bayberry During Storage. Sci. Hortic. 135: 106-111.
43
Xu, M., J. Dong, M. Zhang, X. Xu, and L. Sun. 2012. Cold-induced Endogenous Nitric Oxide Generation Plays a Role in Chilling Tolerance of Loquat Fruit During Postharvest Storage. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 65: 5-12.
44
Zaharah, S. and Z. Singh. 2011. Postharvest nitric oxide fumigation alleviates chilling injury, delays fruit ripening and maintains quality in cold-stored ‘Kensington Pride’ mango. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 60: 202-210.
45
Zhao, D., L. Shen, B. Fan, K. Liu, M. Yu, Y. Zheng, Y. Ding, and J. Sheng. 2009. Physiological and Genetic Properties of Tomato Fruits From 2 Cultivars Differing in Chilling Tolerance at Cold Storage. J. Food Sci. 74(5): C348-C352.
46
Zhu, S., L. Sun, and J. Zhou. 2009. Effects of Nitric Oxide Fumigation on Phenolic Metabolism of Postharvest Chinese Winter Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. Cv. Dongzao) in Relation to Fruit Quality. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 42(5): 1009-1014.
47
Zhu, S., and J. Zhou. 2006. Effects of Nitric Oxide on Fatty Acid Composition in Peach Fruits During Storage. J. Agr. Food Chem. 54(25): 9447-9452.
48
Zhu, S., M. Liu, and J. Zhou. 2006. Inhibition by Nitric Oxide of Ethylene Biosynthesis and Lipoxygenase Activity in Peach Fruit During Storage. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 42(1): 41-48.
49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Vermicompost on Fruit Yield and Quality of Bell Pepper
In this study effect of application of food waste vermicomposts to soil on antioxidant compounds, fruit yield and quality of sweet pepper (Capsicum annum L.) were investigated in field condition. Four vermicompost levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 t/ha) were applied to soil based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that the highest (21.87 kg m2)and lowest (14.69 kg m2)fruit yield were achieved in plants treated with 5 t/ha vermicompost and control, respectively.Vermicompost treatments positively influenced fruit antioxidant compounds (antioxidant activity, total phenolic, carbohydrate content and total flavonoid). The highest antioxidant activity (81%) and carbohydrate content were obtained in plants treated with 10 t/ha vermicompost, while their lowest values were recorded in the control plants. Fruit quality indices (pH, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and fruit firmness) were significantly influenced by vermicompost treatments. However, no significant difference was found for total soluble solids between treatments. There were 40, 61 and 56% increase in the amount of Titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content and fruit firmness following application of vermicompost (15 t/ha) when compared to their values in control, respectively. In conclusion, soil application of vermicompost can positively influence antioxidant compounds, fruit yield and quality of pepper.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_62921_945c2300d7a55cb88a4f195f2fb6b9bd.pdf
2016-12-01
221
229
10.22059/ijhst.2017.209130.129
Ascorbic acid
carbohydrate content
capsicum annum
fruit firmness
vegetable crop
Mohammad
Aminifard
mh.aminifard@birjand.ac.ir
1
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Hassan
Bayat
hassanbayat@birjand.ac.ir
2
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahn, T., M. Oke, A. Schofield, and G. Paliyath. 2005. Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Supplementation on Antioxidant Activities of Tomato Fruits. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53: 1539-1545.
1
Antonio, J.P., M.A. Francisco, S.M. Ana, I.F. Marıa, and D. Estrella. 2007. Influence of Agricultural Practices on the Quality of Sweet Pepper Fruits as Affected by the Maturity Stage. J. Sci. Food Agric. 87: 2075-2080.
2
Arancon, N.Q., C.A. Edwards, P. Bierman, J.D. Metzger, and C. Lucht. 2005. Effects of Vermicomposts Produced from Cattle Manure, Food Waste and Paper Waste on the Growth and Yield of Peppers in the Field. Pedobiologia. 49: 297-306.
3
Asami, D.K., Y.J. Hong, D.M. Barrett, and A.E. Mitchell. 2003. Comparison of the Total Phenolic Content of Marionberries, Strawberries, and Corn Grown Using Conventional, Organic, and Sustainable Agricultural Practices. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51: 1237-1241.
4
Atiyeh, R.M., C.A. Edwards, S. Subler, and J.D. Metzger. 2001. Pig Manure Vermicompost as a Component of a Horticultural Bedding Plant Medium: Effects on Physicochemical Properties and Plant Growth. Bioresour. Technol. 78: 11-20
5
Atiyeh, R.M., N.Q. Arancon, C.A. Edwards, and J.D. Metzger. 2000. Influence of Earthworm-Processed Pig Manure on the Growth and Yield of Glasshouse Tomatoes. J. Biores. Technol. 75: 175-180.
6
Bosland, P.W., and E.J. Vostava. 2000. Peppers: Vegetable and Spice Capsicums. CABI Press, New York, 204 pp.
7
Bybordi, A., and J. Malkouti. 2007. Evaluation of Different Sources of Organic Fertilizer (Manure, Compost and Vermicompost) on the Quantity and Quality of Red Onion and Azar Bonab Region. J. water. Soil. 21(1): 33-43.
8
Donghong, W., S. Qinghua, W. Xiufeng, W. Min, H. Jinyu, L. Jun, and Y. Fengjuan. 2010. Influence of Cow Manure Vermicompost on the Growth, Metabolite Contents, and Antioxidant Activities of Chinesecabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis). J. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 46: 689-696.
9
Dumas, Y., M. Dadomo, G. Lucca, P. Grolier, and G. Lucca. 2003. Effects of Environmental Factors and Agricultural Techniques on Antioxidant Content of Tomatoes. J. Sci. Food Agric. 83: 369-382.
10
Estiarte, M., I. Filella, J. Serra, and J. Pefiuelas. 1994. Effects of Nutrient and Water Stress on Leaf Phenolic Content of Peppers and Susceptibility to Generalist Herbivore Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). Oecologia. 99: 387-391.
11
Hernandez-perez, T., A. Carillo-lopez, F. Guevara-lara, A. Cruz-hernandez, and O. Pardes-Lopez. 2005. Biochemical and Nutritional Characterization of Three Prickly Pear Species with Different Ripening Behavior. J. Plant Food. 8: 4953-4957.
12
Horwitz, W. 1975. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC). 12th Ed, Washington. USA.
13
Karakurt, Y., H. Unlu, U. Halime, and H. Padem. 2009. The Influence of Foliar and Soil Fertilization of Humic Acid on Yield and Quality of Pepper. J. Acta. Agric. 59: 233-237.
14
Maria, A.O., I.G. Jose, I.C. Blanca, R. Reiner, M. Joaquin, D. Luc, and A. Federico. 2008. Fruit Characteristics of Bell Pepper Cultivated in Sheep Manure Vermicompost Substituted Soil. J. Plant Nutr. 31: 1585-1598.
15
Marin, A., F. Fereres, F.A. tomas, and M.I. Gil. 2004. Characterization and Quantitation of Antioxidant Constituents of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 52: 3861-3869.
16
Mauromicale G., Longo A.M.G., and A. Lo Monaco 2011. The effect of organic supplementation of solarized soil on the quality of tomato fruit. Sci. Hortic. 129:189-196.
17
Mccollum, T., D. Chellemi, E. Rosskopf, G. Church, and A. Plotto. 2005. Postharvest Quality of Tomatoes Produced in Organic and Conventional Production Systems. Hort. Sci. 40: 959.
18
Miller, D. 1998. Food Chemistry: A Laboratory Manual .1stEd. John Wiley and Sons Press, New York.
19
Mitchell, A.E., Y. Hong, E. Koh, D.M. Barrett, D.E. Bryant, and R.F. Denison. 2007. Ten-year Comparison of the Influence of Organic and Conventional Crop Management Practices on the Content of Flavonoids in Tomatoes. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55: 6154-6159.
20
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21
Olsson, M.E., C.S. Andersson, S. Oredsson, R.H. Berglund, and K. Gustavsson. 2006. Antioxidant Levels and Inhibition of Cancer Cell Proliferation in Vitro by Extracts from Organically and Conventionally Cultivated Strawberries. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54: 1248-1255.
22
Ozga, J.A., and D.M. Reinecke. 2003. Hormonal Interactions in Fruit Development. J. Plant Growth Regul. 22: 73-81.
23
Parthasarathi, K., M. Balamurugan, and L.S. Ranganathan. 2008. Influence of Vermicompost on the Physico-chemical and Biological Properties in Different Types of Soil along with Yield and Quality of the Pulse Crop–blackgram. Iran. J. Environ. Healt. 5: 51-58.
24
Paula, R., L. David, and E.J. Gareth. 2007. Yield and Vitamin C Content of Tomatoes Grown in Vermicomposted Wastes. J. Sci. Food Agric. 87: 1957-1963.
25
Rajbir, S., R.R. Sharma, K. Satyendra, R.K. Gupta, and R.T. Patil. 2008. Vermicompost Substitution Influences Growth, Physiological Disorders, Fruit Yield and Quality of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). J. Bioresour. Technol. 99: 8507-8511.
26
Riahi, A., C. Hdider, M. Sanaa, N. Tarchoun, M. Ben-Kheder, and I. Guezal. 2009. The Influence of Different Organic Fertilizers on Yield and Physico-chemical Properties of Organically Grown Tomato. J. Sustainable Agri. 33: 658-673.
27
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28
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29
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32
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33
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34
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35
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36
Wang, S.Y., and S. Lin. 2002. Compost as Soil Supplement Enhanced Plant Growth and Fruit Quality of Strawberry. J. Plant Nutr. 25: 1143-2259.
37
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38
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39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Relation Between Leaf and Stem Biochemical Constituents and Rooting Ability of Olive Cuttings
The relationships between rooting potential with endogenous phenolic compounds, nitrogen and soluble carbohydrates of cuttings for five olive cultivars (‘Rowghani’, ‘Dusti’, ‘Tokhmekabki’, ‘Konservalia’ and ‘Amigdalolia’) were investigated. Extracts of the leaves and the base of the cuttings were used for analysis of biochemical compounds. Results showed that there were significant differences in rooting potential among olive cultivars. There was no correlation between leaves and stems nitrogen contents and rooting ability of the cuttings. Moreover, leaf and stem soluble sugars, leaf total phenolics, stem caffeic acid, narengin and chlorogenic acid contents of the leaf and stem, did not affect the rooting potential of the cuttings. However, leaf catechin, stem total phenolics and vanillic acid had positive effects on rooting potential of the cuttings. There was a negative correlation between rooting percentage of the cuttings and leaf gallic acid and narengine contents.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_62922_30ca371e6eb5416553e79f9dd35eb99f.pdf
2016-12-01
231
242
10.22059/ijhst.2016.62922
biochemical components
leafy cuttings
olive
rooting potential
Mahmood
Izadi
m.izadi2003@gmail.com
1
Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali Reza
Shahsavar
shahsava@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Mirsoleimani
soleiman@shirazu.ac.ir
3
Department of Horticultural Science , Darab College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Aslmoshtaghi, E., and A.R. Shahsavar. 2010. Endogenous Soluble Sugars, Starch Contents and Phenolic Compounds in Easy and Difficult to Root Olive Cuttings. J. Biol. Environ. Sci. 4: 83-86.
1
Balasundram, N., K. Sundram, and S. Samman. 2006. Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chem. 99(1): 191-203.
2
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3
Blazich, F.A. 1988. Mineral Nutrition and Adventitious Rooting. Adv. Plant Sci. Ser. 2: 61-69.
4
Bremner, J., D. Sparks, A. Page, P. Helmke, R. Loeppert, P. Soltanpour, M. Tabatabai, C. Johnston, and M. Sumner. 1996. Nitrogen-total. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3-Chemical methods. 1085-1121.
5
Dag, A., R. Erel, A. Ben-Gal, I. Zipori, and U. Yermiyahu. 2012. The Effect of Olive tree Stock Plant Nutritional Status on Propagation Rates. Hort. Sci. 47(2): 307-310.
6
De Klerk, G.Jm, H. Guan, P. Huisman, and S. Marinova. 2011. Effects of Phenolic Compounds on Adventitious Root Formation and Oxidative Decarboxylation of Applied Indoleacetic acid in Malus ‘Jork 9’. Plant Growth Regul. 63: 175-185.
7
Del-Rio, C., L. Rallo, and J.M. Caballero. 1991. Effects of Carbohydrate Content on the Seasonal Rooting of Vegetative and Reproductive Cuttings of Olive. J. Hortic. Sci. 66: 301-309.
8
Denaxa, N.K., S.N. Vemmos, and P.A. Roussos. 2012. The Role of Endogenous Carbohydrates and Seasonal Variation in Rooting Ability of Cuttings of an Easy and a Hard to Root Olive Cultivars (Olea Europaea L.). Sci. Hort. 143: 19-28.
9
Denaxa, N.K., S.N. Vemmos, P.A. Roussos, and G. Kostelenos. 2010. The Effect of IBA, NAA and Carbohydrates on Rooting Capacity of Leafy Cuttings in three Olive Cultivars (Olea Europaea L.). In XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): Olive Trends Symposium 924: 101-109.
10
Druege, U., S. Zerche, R. Kadner, and M. Ernst. 2000. Relation between Nitrogen Status, Carbohydrate Distribution and Subsequent Rooting of Chrysanthemum Cuttings as Affected by Pre-harvest Nitrogen Supply and Cold-storage. Ann. Bot. 85(5): 687-701.
11
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12
Fouad, M.M., M.A. Fayek, H.H. Selim, and M.E. El-Sayed. 1989. Rooting of Eight Olive Cultivars under mist. In International Symposium on Olive Growing.286: 57-60.
13
Hambrick, C.E., F.T. Davies, and H.B. Pemberton. 1991. Seasonal Changes in Carbohydrate/nitrogen Levels During Field Rooting of Rosa multiflora ‘Brooks 56’ hardwood Cuttings. Sci. Hort. 46(1-2): 137-146.
14
Hartman, H.T., D.E. Kester, F.T. Davies, and R.L. Geneve. 2001. Plant Propagation Principles and Practices. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey. P: 656.
15
Haissig, B.E. 1986. Metabolic Processes in Adventitious Rooting of Cuttings. In New Root Formation in Plants and Cuttings. Springer Netherlands. 141-189.
16
Liu, Z.H., I.C. Hsiao, and Y.W. Pan. 1996. Effect of Naphthaleneacetic acid on Endogenous indole-3-acetic acid, Peroxidase and Auxin Oxidase in Hypocotyl Cuttings of Soybean During Root Formation. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sinica. 37: 247-253.
17
Masuko, T., A. Minami, N. Iwasaki, and T. Majima. 2005. Carbohydrate Analysis by a Phenol-sulfuric acid Method in Microplate Format. Anal. Biochem. 339: 69-72.
18
Misan, A.C., N.M. Mimica-Dukic, A.I. Mandic, M.B. Sakac, I.L. Miloranovic, and I.J. Sedej. 2011. Development of a Rapid Resolution HPLC Method for the Separation and Determination of 17 Phenolic Compounds in Crude Plant Extracts. Cent. Eur. J. Chem. 9: 133-142.
19
Murai, Y., H. Harada, R. Mochioka, T. Ogata, S. Shiozaki, S. Horiuchi, T. Takagi. 1999. Relationships between rooting in softwood cuttings of mume (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) and sorbitol in shoots. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 68: 648-654.
20
Padney, D., and R.K. Pathak. 1981. Effect of Rootstock, IBA and Phenolic Compounds on the Rooting of Apple Cuttings. Prog. Hort. 13: 105-110.
21
Pellicer, V., J.M. Guehl, F.A. Daudet, M. Cazet, L.M. Riviere, and P. Maillard. 2000. Carbon and Nitrogen Mobilisation in Larix Eurolepis Leafy Stem Cuttings Assessed by Dual C-13. N-15 labeling Relationships with Rooting. Tree Physiol. 20: 807-814.
22
Porfírio, S., M.D.G. Da Silva, M.J. Cabrita, P. Azadi, and A. Peixe. 2016. Reviewing Current Knowledge on Olive (Olea Europaea L.) Adventitious Root Formation. Sci. Hort. 198: 207-226.
23
Ragonezi, C., K. Klimaszewska, M.R. Castro, M. Lima, P. de Oliveira, and M.A. Zavattieri. 2010. Adventitious rooting of conifers: influence of physical and chemical factors. Trees. 24: 975-992.
24
Rowe, D.B., F.A. Blazich, and R.J. Weir. 1999. Mineral Nutrient and Carbohydrate Status of Loblolly Pine During mist Propagation as Influenced by Stock Plant Nitrogen fertility. Hort. Sci. 34(7): 1279-1285.
25
Scheible, W.R., A. Gonzalez-Fontes, M. Lauerer, B. Muller-Rober, M. Caboche, and M. Stitt. 1997. Nitrate Acts as a Signal to Induce Organic acid Metabolism and Repress Starch Metabolism in Tobacco. The Plant Cell. 9(5): 783-798.
26
Silva, S., L. Gomes, F. Leitao, A.V. Coelho, and L.V. Boas. 2006. Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant activity of Olea europaea L. Fruits and Leaves. Food Sci. Technol Int. 12: 385-396.
27
Trobec, M., F. Stampar, R. Veberic, and G. Osterc. 2005. Fluctuations of Different Endogenous Phenolic Compounds and Cinnamic acid in the First Days of the Rooting Process of Cherry Rootstock ‘GiSelA 5’ leafy Cuttings. J. Plant Physiol. 162: 589-597.
28
Tsipouridis, C., T. Thomidis, and S. Bladenopoulou. 2006. Rhizogenesis of GF677, Early Crest, May Crest and Arm King Stem Cuttings During the Year in Relation to Carbohydrate and Natural Hormone Content. Sci. Hort. 108: 200-204.
29
Welander, M. 1994. Influence of Invironment, Fertilizers and Genotype on Shoot Morphology and Subsequent Rooting of Birch Cuttings. Tree Physiol. 15: 11-18.
30
Wiesman, Z., and S. Lavee. 1995. Enhancement of Stimulatory Effects on Rooting of Olive Cultivar Stem Cuttings. Sci. Hort. 62: 189-198.
31
Wilson, P.J., and J. van Staden. 1990. Rhizocaline, Rooting Co-factors, and the Concept of Promoters and Inhibitors of Adventitious Rooting- a Review. Ann. Bot. 66: 479-490.
32
Yoo, Y.K., and K.S. Kim. 1996. Seasonal Variation in Rooting Ability, Plant hormones, Carbohydrate, Nitrogen, Starch and Soluble Sugar Contents in Cuttings of White Forsythia (Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai.). J. Kor. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 37: 554-560.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Allelopathic Activity of 68 Medicinal and Wild Plant Species of Iran by Sandwich Method
This experiment was conducted in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, in 2011 to investigate the allelopathic potential of 68 medicinal and wild plant species belong to 19 plant families grown in Iran. Results showed that among examined plants, stigma and style of Crocus sativus,leaves of Artemisia kopetdaghensis, Mentha piperita, Zhumeria majdae, Frulago subvelutina, flowers bud of Eugenia caryophyllata, flower of Perovskia abrotanoides, fruits of Melia azedarach and Ruta graveolenhad the strongest inhibitory effects on lettuce seedling growth. Interestingly by using of very low amount of plant samples (10 mg)growth inhibitory effects of these plants were observed by more than 70%. Additionally, the leaf of Atriplex canescens and the flower of Achillea millefolium had the strongest inhibitory effect on radicle growth (more than 75%) compare to the growth of hypocotyl (less than 20%). Here we can suggest that plants with inhibitory effects on growth and development of other plants have the potential to be applied as biological herbicides; this finding can be highlighted as new sustainable herbicides for biological control of weeds.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_62923_b931d2989c8ecde92f98657bc4a24f52.pdf
2016-12-01
243
253
10.22059/ijhst.2016.62923
allelochemicals
biological herbicide
secondary metabolites
Weeds
Somaye
Amini
somayehamini30@yahoo.com
1
Department of Horticultural Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Majid
Azizi
azizi@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir
2
Department of Horticultural Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Joharchi
m.joharchi@um.ac.ir
3
Research Center of Plant Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Farid
Moradinezhad
fmn_46@yahoo.com
4
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmadi Jalali Moghadam, M., H. Honarmand, S. Falah-Delavar, and A. Saeidinia. 2012. Study on Antibacterial Effect of Ruta graveolens Extracts on Pathogenic Bacteria. Ann. Biol. Res. 3(9): 4542-4545.
1
Akacha. M., N.G. Boughanmi, and R. Haouala. 2013. Effects of Melia azedarach Leaves Extracts on Radish Growth and Oxidative Status. IJBR. 3(2): 29-42.
2
Almeida Barbosa, L.C., A.J. Demuner, A. Dumont Clemente, V.F. De Paula, and M.D.I. Faiz. 2007. Seasonal Variation in the Composition of Volatile Oils From Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. Quim. Nova. 30(8): 1959-1965.
3
Amini, S., M. Azizi, M.R. Joharchi, M.N. Shafei, F. Moradinezhad, and Y. Fujii. 2014. Determination of Allelopathic Potential in Some Medicinal and Wild Plant Species of Iran by Dish Pack Method. Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol. 26: 189-199.
4
Appiah, K.S., Z. Li, R.S. Zeng, Sh. Luo, Y. Oikawa, Y. Fujii. 2015. Determination of Allelopathic Potentials in Plant Species in Sino-Japanese Floristic Region by Sandwich Method and Dish Pack Method. IJBAS. 4: 381-394.
5
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Humic Acid on Some Vegetative Traits and Ion Concentrations of Mexican Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) Seedlings under Salt Stress
Effects of humic acid on some vegetative characteristics and mineral concentrations of Mexican lime were investigated under different salinity concentrations. Four doses of humic acid (0, 1500, 3000 and 4000 mg/kg soil) and four salinity levels (1500, 2500, 3500 and 4500 µmos) were applied on Mexican lime seedlings. Experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design. The results showed that humic acid had a positive influence on plant height under salinity stress. Shoot number was significantly increased by application of humic acid under salinity stress conditions. In 4500 µmos salinity, application of 4500 mg/kg humic acid caused an increase in shoot fresh and dry weights, root dry weight and shoot potassium concentration. Percentage of sodium was decreased by application of 3000 mg/kg humic acid in the shoot of plants that were exposed to 4500 µmos salinity level. humic acid at 1500 mg/kg caused a reduction in shoot sodium percentage under 3500 µmos salinity level. When compared to the non-treated plants, application of humic acid led to a decline in chloride percentage in Mexican lime seedlings. In conclusion, 3000 and 4000 mg/kg humic acid can be used to reduce the toxic effects of salinity and also to decrease the uptake of toxic elements such as sodium and chloride in Mexican lime seedlings.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_62924_57c385c28d7c6c769c29000aded7e6af.pdf
2016-12-01
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10.22059/ijhst.2016.62924
Chloride
potassium
sodium
vegetative traits
Abdolhossein
Abootalebi Jahromi
aa84607@gmail.com
1
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamed
Hassanzadeh Khankahdani
hamed51h@gmail.com
2
Horticulture Crops Research Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural ResourcesResearch and Education Center, AREEO, Bandar Abbas, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas, T., S. Ahmad, M. Ashraf, M.A. Shahid, M. Yasin, R.M. Balal, M.A. Pervez, and S. Abbas. 2013. Effect of Humic and Application at Different Growth Stages of Kinnow Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) on the Basis of Physio-biochemical and Reproductive Responses. Acad. J. Biotech. 1(1): 014-020.
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2
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Persian Abstracts
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_63536_27d576ece9999538fbb36a719ee2217f.pdf
2016-12-01
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