ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Saltgrass, a Potential Future Landscaping Plant and a Suitable Species for Desert Regions: A Review
Continuous desertification of arable lands mandates use of low quality/ saline water for irrigation, especially in regions experiencing water shortage. Using low quality/ saline water for irrigation imposes more stress on plants that are already under stress in these regions. Thus, a logical solution will be to find a salt/ drought-tolerant plant species that will survive/sustain under such stressful conditions. As the native plants are already growing under such conditions and are adapted to these stresses, they are most suitable for use under these harsh arid environmental conditions. If stress-tolerant species/ genotypes of these native plants are identified, there will be substantial savings in inputs (i.e., water, fertilizers, and agrochemicals) in using them under these stressful conditions. My research studies at the University of Arizona on various native grasses indicate that saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) has a great potential to be used under harsh environmental desert conditions, to combat the desertification processes. The objectives of this review article are to introduce saltgrass, a halophytic plant species, which through my investigations on various salinity and drought-tolerant halophytic plant species has proven to be the most tolerant plant species for recommendation as the potential species for use in arid regions and in areas with saline soils and limited water supply or drought conditions, for sustainable agriculture and for combating desertification. In my various investigations, different saltgrass clones/accessions/genotypes were studied in a greenhouse, to evaluate their growth responses under salinity or drought stress conditions. The grasses were grown vegetatively either hydroponically in culture solution for salt tolerance or in galvanized cans that contained fritted clay for drought tolerance. For salt tolerance, the grasses were grown under four treatments (EC = 6 (control), 20, 34, and 48 dSm-1 salinity stress) with three replications in a randomized complete block (RCB) design experiment. During this period, the shoots were clipped bi-weekly for fresh and dry matter (DM) weight determination. At the last harvest, the roots were also harvested and the DM weights determined. For drought tolerance, the growth responses of the grasses were evaluated under a progressive drought condition for four months in a split plot design experiment with three replications. Shoots were harvested bi-weekly for DM determination. Although growth responses reduced at high salinity levels or as the drought period progressed, all the grasses showed a high degree of salinity/drought tolerance. However, there was a wide range of variations observed in salinity/ drought tolerance among the various clones/accessions/genotypes. The superior salinity/ drought-tolerant plants were identified, which could be recommended for sustainable production under arid regions and combating desertification.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_54259_b77eb15afd5085fb35cd2555c82a91c5.pdf
2015-06-01
1
13
10.22059/ijhst.2015.54259
Combating desertification
halophytic plant species
Sustainable agriculture
Mohammad
Pessarakli
pessarak@email.arizona.edu
1
School of Plant Sciences, Forbes Bldg., Room 303, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Al-Rawahy, S.A., J.L. Stroehlein, and M. Pessarakli. 1992. Dry Matter Yield and Nitrogen-15, Na+, Cl-, and K+ Content of Tomatoes under Sodium Chloride Stress. J. Plant Nutr. 15(3):341-358.
1
Christensen, D., D. M. Kopec, A. J. Koski, Y. Qian, M. Pessarakli, P. W. Brown, and J.J. Gilbert. 2002-2005. USGA. $179,812.00 Grant for Development of Stress Tolerant, Turf-Type Saltgrass Varieties.
2
Enberg, A., and L.Wu. 1995. Selenium Assimilation and Differential Response to Elevated Sulfate and Chloride Salt Concentrations in Two Saltgrass Ecotypes. Ecotoxicology Environ. Safety 32(2):71‑178.
3
Gould, F.W. 1993. Grasses of the Southwestern United States. 6th edition. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
4
Hoagland, D.F. and D.I. Arnon. 1950. The Water Culture Method for Growing Plants Without Soil. California Agr. Exp. Sta. Circ. 347 (Rev.).
5
Kopec, D.M., A. Adams, C. Bourn, J.J. Gilbert, K. Marcum, and M. Pessarakli. 2001a. Field Performance of Selected Mowed Distichlis Clones, USGA Res. Report #3. Turfgrass Landscape & Urban IPM Res. Summary2001, Coop. Ext., Agr. Exp. Sta., Univ. Ariz. Tucson, U.S. Dept. of Agr., AZ1246 Series P-126, pp. 295-304.
6
Kopec, D.M., A. Adams, C. Bourn, J.J. Gilbert, K. Marcum, and M. Pessarakli. 2001b. Field Performance of Selected Mowed Distichlis Clones, USGA Res. Report #4. Turfgrass Landscape & Urban IPM Res. Summary 2001, Coop. Ext., Agr. Exp. Sta., Univ. of Ariz., Tucson, U.S. Dept. of Agr., AZ1246 Series P-126, pp. 305-312.
7
Kopec, D.M., J. Gilbert, M .Olsen, and M. Pessarakli. 2013-2016. USGA. $189,105.40 Grant for Development and Selection Method of Testing of Perennial Ryegrass for a Year Round Turf.
8
Kopec, D.M., K. Marcum, and M. Pessarakli. 2000. Collection and Evaluation of Diverse Geographical Accessions of Distichlis for Turf-Type Growth Habit, Salinity and Drought Tolerance. Report #2, Univ. of Ariz., Coop. Ext. Service, 11p.
9
10. Kopec, D.M., S. Smith, B. Munda, M. Pessarakli, and P.W. Brown. 2008-2010. USGA.$129,993.00 Grant for Collection and Evaluation of Native Grasses from Grazed Arid Environments for Turfgrass Development.
10
11. Marcum, K.B. D.M. Kopec, A.J. Koski, and D. Christensen. 1996-1999. USGA, 125,000 grant for Selection of Turf Type and Seed Production of Inland Saltgrass.
11
12. Marcum, K.B., D.M. Kopec, and M. Pessarakli. 2001. Salinity Tolerance of 17 Turf-type Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) Accessions. Internat. Turfgrass Res. Conf., July 15-21, 2001, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
12
13. Marcum, K.B. and C.L. Murdoch. 1992. Salt tolerance of the coastal salt marsh grass, Sporobolus virginicus (L.) kunth. New Phytol. 120:281-288.
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14. Marcum, K.B., M. Pessarakli, and D.M. Kopec. 2005. Relative Salinity Tolerance of 21 Turf-Type Desert Saltgrasses Compared to Bermudagrass. HortScience 40(3):827-829.
14
15. Miller, D.L., F.E. Smeins, and J.W. Webb. 1998. Response of a Texas Distichlis spicata Coastal Marsh Following Lesser Snow Goose Herbivory. Aquatic Bot. 61(4):301‑307.
15
16. Miyamoto, S., E.P. Glenn, and M.W. Olsen. 1996. Growth, Water Use and Salt Uptake of Four Halophytes Irrigated with Highly Saline Water. J. Arid Environ. 2(2):141‑ 159.
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17. Pessarakli, M. 2005a. Gardener’s Delight: Low-Maintenance Grass. Tucson Citizen, Arizona, Newspaper Article, September 15, 2005, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A. Gardener's delight: Low-maintenance grass http://www.tucsoncitizen.com/
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18. Pessarakli, M. 2005b. Supergrass: Drought-Tolerant Turf might be Adaptable for Golf Course Use. Golfweek’s SuperNews Magazine, November 16, 2005, p 21 and http://www.supernewsmag.com/news/golfweek/supernews/20051116/p21.asp?st=p21_s1.htm
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19. Pessarakli, Mohammad. 2011. Saltgrass, a High Salt and Drought Tolerant Species for Sustainable Agriculture in Desert Regions. Intl. J. Water Res. Arid Environ. (ISSN: 2079-7079), Vol. 1(1):55-64.
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20. Pessarakli, M. 2014. Physiological Responses of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to Salt Stress. in: Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, 3rd Edition, Revised and Expanded (M. Pessarakli, Ed.) pp. 635-654, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Publishing Group, Florida.
20
21. Pessarakli, M. N. Gessler, and D.M. Kopec. 2008. Growth Responses of Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) Under Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Salinity Stress. USGA Turfgrass Environ. Res. 7(20):1-7. http://turf.lib.msu.edu/tero/v02/n14.pdf
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22. Pessarakli, Mohammad, M.A. Harivandi, David M. Kopec, and Dennis T. Ray. 2012. Growth Responses and Nitrogen Uptake by Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata L.), a Halophytic Plant Species, under Salt Stress, Using the 15N Technique. Intl. J. Agron., Volume 2012, Article ID 896971, 9 pages, doi:10.1155/2012/896971.
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23. Pessarakli, M. and D.M. Kopec. 2003. Response of Saltgrass to Environmental Stress. USGA, New or Native Grasses Annual Meeting, June 17-19, 2003, Omaha, NE. 13.
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24. Pessarakli, M. and D.M. Kopec. 2008a. Establishment of Three Warm-Season Grasses under Salinity Stress. Acta Hort. 783:29-37.
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25. Pessarakli, M. and D.M. Kopec. 2008b. Growth Response of Various Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) Clones to Combined Effects of Drought and Mowing Heights. USGA Turfgrass Environ. Res. 7(1):1-4. http://turf.lib.msu.edu/tero/v02/n14.pdf
25
26. Pessarakli, M. and D.M. Kopec. 2011. Responses of Various Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) Clones to Drought Stress at Different Mowing Heights. J. Food Agr. Environ. (JFAE) 9(3&4):665-668.
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27. Pessarakli, M., D.M. Kopec, J.J. Gilbert, A.J. Koski, Y.L. Qian, and Dana Christensen.2005a. Growth Responses of Twelve Inland Saltgrass Clones to Salt Stress. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Ann. Meetings, Nov. 6-10, 2005, Salt Lake City, UT.
27
28. Pessarakli, M., D.M. Kopec, and A.J. Koski. 2003. Establishment of Warm-Season Grasses under Salinity Stress. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Ann. Meetings, Nov. 2-6, 2003, Denver, CO.
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29. Pessarakli, Mohammad, David M. Kopec, and Dennis T. Ray. 2011a. Growth Responses of Various Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) Clones Under Salt Stress Conditions. J. F. Agr. Environ. (JFAE), Vol. 9(3&4):660-664.
29
30. Pessarakli, M. and K.B. Marcum. 2000. Growth Responses and Nitrogen-15 Absorption of Distichlis under Sodium Chloride Stress. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Ann. Meetings, Nov. 5-9, 2000, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
30
31. Pessarakli, M., K.B. Marcum, and D.M. Kopec. 2001a. Drought Tolerance of Twenty one Saltgrass (Distichlis) Accessions Compared to Bermudagrass. Turfgrass Landscape & UrbanIPM Res. Summary2001, Coop. Ext., Agr. Exp. Sta., Univ. of Ariz., Tucson, U.S. Dept. of Agr., AZ1246 Series P-126, pp. 65-69.
31
32. Pessarakli, M., K.B. Marcum, and D.M. Kopec. 2001b. Growth Responses of Desert Saltgrass under Salt Stress. Turfgrass Landscape & Urban IPM Res. Summary2001, Coop. Ext.,0 Agr. Exp. Sta., Univ. Ariz., Tucson, U.S. Dept. Agr., AZ1246 Series P-126, pp. 70-73.
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33. Pessarakli, M., K.B. Marcum, and D.M. Kopec. 2001c. Drought Tolerance of Turf-type Inland Saltgrasses and Bermudagrass. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Ann. Meetings, Oct. 27 - Nov 2, 2001, Charlotte, North Carolina.
33
34. Pessarakli, M., K.B. Marcum, and D.M. Kopec. 2009-2012. USGA. $132,343.00. Grant for Mechanisms and Evaluation of Drought Tolerance of New and Old Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) Genotypes, and the Relationship between Salinity and Drought Tolerance.
34
35. Pessarakli, M. K.B. Marcum, and D.M. Kopec. 2005b. Growth Responses and Nitrogen-15 Absorption of Desert Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) to Salinity Stress. J. Plant Nut. 28(8):1441-1452.
35
36. Pessarakli, M., M. Kenneth B., and Y. Emam. 2011b. Relative Drought Tolerance of Various Desert Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) Genotypes. J. Food Agr. Environ. (JFAE), Vol. 9(1):474-478.
36
37. Pessarakli, M. and T.C. Tucker. 1985a. Uptake of Nitrogen-15 by Cotton under Salt Stress. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 49:149-152.
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38. Pessarakli, M. and T.C. Tucker. 1985b. Ammonium (15N) metabolism in cotton under salt stress. J. Plant Nut. 8:1025-1045.
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41. Sigua, G.C., and W.H. Hudnall.1991. Gypsum and Water Management Interactions for Revegetation and Productivity Improvement of Brackish Marsh in Louisiana. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 22(15/16):1721‑1739.
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Postharvest Calcium Chloride Treatment on the Storage Life and Quality of Persimmon Fruits (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) cv. ‘Karaj’
The objective of this study was to evaluate the storage life and quality of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fruit cv. ‘Karaj’ stored at 0°C for 4 months after postharvest calcium chloride treatment. Fruit weight loss, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenolic content, soluble tannin content, chilling injury, antioxidant activity, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde content were measured in 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 days after storage. Peroxidase and catalase enzyme activities were also determined at the end of the storage. Fruits were dipped in the solutions containing 0.5, 1, and 2% (w/v) CaCl2 as well as distilled water only as the control. Results showed that the fruit weight loss and chilling injury significantly decreased by CaCl2 treatments compared with the control. CaCl2 treatments also increased fruit firmness and catalase and antioxidant activities, whereas they reduced MDA content, EL, and peroxidase activity during 4 months of cold storage. The results indicated that CaCl2 application influenced TPC and soluble tannin compared with the control but had no significant effect on TA. The best result was obtained from the 2% CaCl2 treatment in almost all the studied parameters. In general, postharvest CaCl2 treatment of persimmon could decrease chilling symptoms during the cold storage.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_54260_7346efb12655b60ce717edd948e42cc9.pdf
2015-06-01
15
26
10.22059/ijhst.2015.54260
Antioxidant activity
chilling injury
electrolyte leakage
soluble tannin content
total phenolic content
Maryam
Bagheri
maryambagheri984@yahoo.com
1
Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmood
Esna-Ashari
m.esnaashari@basu.ac.ir
2
Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad
Ershadi
ahmadershadi@yahoo.com
3
Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
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2
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Orchard Management for Decreasing Date Palm Bunch Fading Disorder
The date palm bunch fading disorder/disease is one of the greatest challenges faced by date palm growers. In the present study, the effect of appropriate orchard management on some qualitative and quantitative features of date palm bunch was studied. For this purpose, two orchards of cv ‘Kabkab’ with a history of previous incidence were selected in two districts of Bushehr province; Tangestan and Dashtestan. The orchards were divided into two parts; one as control and another as treated plants. On the treated part, some management practices such as plowing, leaf pruning, proper nutrition, regular irrigation, pollination, regulation of leaf-bunch ratio, thinning in pollination stage, control of weeds, pests and diseases were conducted scientifically while the control part was maintained with conventional local practices. During the treatment phase, all bunches in the Khalal stage were covered with a white cloth bag. The results from both treatment plots showed that proper orchard management can improve fruit yield (Dashtestan 52.2 kg tree-1, Tangestan 88.1 kg tree-1) and reduce the severity of symptoms and therefore reduce date palm bunch fading disorder.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_54261_ddc2b1d36876917ff695fd3fb1d50398.pdf
2015-06-01
27
32
10.22059/ijhst.2015.54261
fruit quality
khalal stage
rutab stage
tropical plants
yield
Mahmood
Izadi
m.izadi2003@gmail.com
1
Scientific Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Fars, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Elham
Aslmoshtaghi
elham-aslmoshtaghi@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Akar, R., C. Aydin. 2005. Some Physical Properties of Gumbo Fruit Varieties. J. Food. Eng.66:387-393.
1
Darini, A., and M. Izadi. 2001. Effects of Inter-Planting of Sorghum and Alfalfa on Date Bunch Fading Disorder. Report of the 3 rd Meeting on Date Bunch Fading Disorders, Bander Abbas. 10 p (in Farsi).
2
Damankeshan, B. and B. Panahi. 2013. Evaluation of the Effects of Bunch Thinning Methods on Drying Blossom of Date Palm Disorder in Two Stages of Pollination and Kimri. Inter. Res. J. Appl. Basic. Sci. 4 (6):1414-1416
3
Dialami, H. and H. Pezhman. 2005. The Effect of Foliar Application of Potassium Sulfate, Potassium Nitrate and Manganese Sulfate on Yield and Quantity Characteristics of Cultivar Touri of Date Palm. 1st International Festival and Symposium on Date Palm. Bandar Abbas, Iran. 20-21 Nov. 2005.
4
Ghaffarinejad, S.A., J. Sarhadi, and A. Sabbah. 2005. Effect of Ca Injection on it's Concentration in Shoot of Date Palm and Date Palm Bunch Drying and Wilting Disorder. 1st International Festival and Symposium on Date Palm. Bandar Abbas, Iran. 20-21 Nov. 2005.
5
Izadi, M. and M. Poozesh Shirazi. 2010. Effects of Thinning Methods on Date Bunch Disorder at Pollination and Kimri Stages. Acta Hort. 882:899-902.
6
Karampour, F. 1999. Report of Wilting and Defoliation of Date Fruits in Bushehr Province. Agricultural Research Center of Boushehr, Iran. 22 p. (in Farsi).
7
Karampour, F. 2002. A Review on Abstracts of Plant Protection Research Results on DB Disorder in Iran. Agricultural Research Center of Hormozgan province, Bandar Abbas Iran. 11p. (in Farsi).
8
Karampour, F. and H. Pezhman. 2004. Study the Effect of Fungi Parasites on Developing Fading Disorder. Date and Tropical Plants Institute. Iran. 23 p (in Farsi).
9
10. Karampour, F. and. H. Pezhman. 2007. Study on Possible Influence of Pathogenic Fungi on Date Bunch Fading Disorder in Iran. Acta Hort. 736:431-439.
10
11. Karimipour Fard, F.H., M. Latifian. 2002. Study on Effects of Two Fungicides Captan a Karbendazim on DBF Disorder. Proceedings of 8th Iranian Specific Date Palm Conference, Kerman, Iran. pp 66-67.
11
12. Mara'shi, S., H. Pezhman. 2003. Study the Effects of Method of Thinning and Type of Coverage on Date Strand Drying Phenomenon. Date Palm and Tropical Research Institute- Iran. 39 p. (in Farsi).
12
13. Mirzaei, M., A. Davoodian, F. Karampour. 2001. Study on Influence of Management Measures of Date Palm Orchards on the Incidence of DBF Disorder. The Final Report Research Project. Agricultural Research Center of Hormozgan Province, Iran. 5p. (in Farsi).
13
14. Mansoori, B. 2012. Fusarium proliferatum Induces Gum in Xylem Vessels as the Cause of Date Bunch Fading in Iran. J. Agr. Sci. Tech. 14:1133-1140.
14
15. Pezhman, H., V. Roshan, E. Rahkhodaei. 2005. Study on Effects of Different Bunch Covers and Thinning Methods on Date Bunch Disorder. Report of the 23rd International Conference on Mango and Date Palm. Malik et al. (Eds), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, 233 p.
15
16. Poozesh Shirazi, M., R. Khademi, and M. Dehmollaei. 2004. Study on Influence of Some Meteorological Factors on Date Palm Bunch Drying Disorder in Bushehr Province. Agricultural Research Center of Bushehr, Iran. 26 p. (in Farsi).
16
17. Rahkhodaei, I. 2004. Study on Climatic Factors Effects on DBF Disorder. The Final Report of research Project. The DPTFRI, Ahwaz, Iran.38 p. (in Farsi).
17
18. Rousta, M. 2003. Influence of Potassium Sulfate and Calcium Chloride Spraying on DBF Disorder on cv. Mozafti. Iran. J. Water Soil Sci. 17(2):123–130. (in Farsi)
18
19. Rousta, M.J. 2004. Study of Foliar Application of Potassium Sulfate and Calcium Chloride on Date Bunch Fading Disorder of Mazafati Cultivar. Iran. J. Water Soil Sci. 17 (2):122-131. (in Farsi).
19
20. Sarhadi, J. and S. Ghalebi. 2004. The role of water custom on date bunch drying. The final report of investigational design. Jiroft and Kahnooj agricultural research center, Kerman, Iran.15 p. (in Farsi).
20
21. Saei, M. 2001. Study the Effect of Palm Orchard Managing Factors on Hardness of Date Strand Drying Phenomenon. Center of Agricultural Research of Jiroft – Iran. 7 p. (in Farsi).
21
22. Shirazi, M. P., M. Izadi, R. Khademi 2008. Study the Climatical Factors Effects on Bunch Fading Disorder of Date Palm in Southern Iran and the Methods of its Control. American-Eurasian J. Agr. Environ. Sci., 4 (5): 570-574
22
23. Tavakoli, A. 2002. Comparison of Hand and Chemical Thinning on Quality and Quantity of Fruit Yield and Alternate Bearing in Date Palm Cultivar Shahani. M.Sc. Dissertation Dept. Horticulture. Shiraz University, Iran. 113 p. (in Farsi).
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Isolation and Sequence Analysis of GpdII Promoter of the White Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) from Strains Holland737 and IM008
Many recent studies have shown that glycosylation patterns of Agaricus bisporus are similar to those of mammalians, so that this organism is a good candidate for the expression of glycosylated pharmaceutical protein. To achieve constant interested gene expression in all cells of the organism, proper promoter isolation is necessary. To isolate this promoter, PCR with specific primers was performed on extracted DNA of the white button mushroom strains Holland737 and IM008. The PCR amplified 290 bp fragments of gpdII promoters. IM008 gpdII promoter was used to construct pCAMBIAH8 plasmid. Comparison of isolated promoters among sequence records at NCBI demonstrated high similarity between IM008 gpdII promoter and previously reported gpdII promoter. Sequence analysis of isolated promoters revealed several point mutations on this promoter. TACAAA promoter sequence in −65 site acts as TATA box. Among the three CAAT candidate sequences, one is functional, which is located at position −108. Transformation of the white button mushroom with constructed pCAMBIAH8 plasmid was successfully performed.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_54262_0ff31feaa099d502816c62bf5a9af312.pdf
2015-06-01
33
41
10.22059/ijhst.2015.54262
CAAT box
pharmaceutical protein
TATA box
transgenic mushroom
Mohsen
Ashrfai
abje64@gmail.com
1
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Farsi
mohfarsi@yahoo.com
2
Department of Plant Breeding and Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Amin
Mirshamsi
amin.mirshamsi@gmail.com
3
Department of Plant Breeding and Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mozhgan
Parvandi
mozhgan.parvandi@gmail.com
4
Department of Plant Breeding and Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Bitter, G.A., and K.M. Egan. 1984. Expression of Heterologous Genes In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae from Vectors Utilizing the Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene Promoter. Gene 32:263–74.
1
Burns, C., K. E. Gregory, M. Kirby, M.K. Cheung, M. Riquelme, T.J. Elliott, M. P. Challen, A. Bailey, and G.D. Foster. 2005. Efficient GFP Expression in the Mushrooms Agaricus Bisporus and Coprinus Cinereus Requires Introns. Mol. Biotechnol. 42:191–99.
2
Butler, J.E.F, and J.T. Kadonaga. 2002. The RNA Polymerase II Core Promoter: A Key Component in the Regulation of Gene Expression. Gene. Dev. 16:2583–2592.
3
Chen, X., M. Stone, C. Schlagnhaufer, and C.P. Romaine. 2000. A Fruiting Body Tissue Method for Efficient Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Agaricus Bisporus. Appl. Environ. Microb. 66:4510–13.
4
Deng, W., and S.G.E. Roberts. 2005. A Core Promoter Element Downstream of the TATA Box That Is Recognized by TFIIB. Gene. Dev. 19:2418–2423.
5
Döring, F., M. Klapper, S. Theis, and H. Daniel. 1998. Use of the Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Promoter for Production of Functional Mammalian Membrane Transport Proteins in the Yeast Pichia Pastoris. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 250:531–35.
6
Harmsen, M.C., F.H.J Schuren, S.M. Moukha, C.M. van Zuilen, P.J. Punt, and J.G.H. Wessels. 1992. Sequence Analysis of the Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Genes from the Basidiomycetes Schizophyllum Commune, Phanerochaete Chrysosporium and Agaricus Bisporus. Curr. Genet. 22:447–454.
7
Hirano, T., T. Sato, K. Yaegashi, and H. Enei. 2000. Efficient Transformation of the Edible Basidiomycete Lentinus Edodes with a Vector Using a Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Promoter to Hygromycin B Resistance. M. G. G. 263:1047–52.
8
Kato, M. 2005. An Overview of the CCAAT-Box Binding Factor in Filamentous Fungi: Assembly, Nuclear Translocation, and Transcriptional Enhancement. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 69:663–72.
9
10. Kilaru, S., and U. Kues. 2005. Comparison of gpd Genes and Their Protein Products in Basidiomycetes. Fungal. Genet. Newsl. 52:1-23.
10
11. Kuo, C.Y., S.Y. Chou, and C.T. Huang. 2004. Cloning of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate DehydrogenaseGene and Use of the Gpd Promoter for Transformation in Flammulina velutipes. Appl. Microbiol. Biot. 65:593–599.
11
12. Molloy, S. 2004. Sugar Transport and Water Relations of Agaricus bisporus. PhD Diss. Univ. of Bedford, Cranfield, Institute of Bioscience and Technology.
12
13. Nazrul, M.I., and B.Y. Bing. 2010. ISSR as New Markers for Identification of Homokaryotic Protoclones of Agaricus bisporus. Curr. Microbiol. 60:92–98.
13
14. Piechaczyk, M., J. M. Blanchard, L. Marty, C. Dani, F. Panabieres, S. E Sabouty, P. Fort, and P. Jeanteur. 1984. Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate-Dehydrogenase Gene Expression in Rat Tissues. Nucleic. Acids Res. 12:6951–6963.
14
15. Prize, B. and C. Lang. 2004. Genetics and Biotechnology, p. 130. U. Kück (eds.) Gene Regulation in Yeast. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin.
15
16. Punt, P.J., M.A. Dingemanse, A. Kuyvenhoven, R.D.M. Soede, P.H. Pouwels, and C.A.M.J.J. van den Hondel. 1990. Functional Elements in the Promoter Region of The Aspergillus nidulans gpdA Gene Encoding Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase. Gene 93:101–109.
16
17. Romaine, C. P., and C. Schlagnhaufer. 2007. Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Methods. Mol. Biol. In Agrobacterium Protocols. 2:453–63.
17
18. Sambrook, J., and D.W. Russell. (ed.) 2001. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, 2344 p.
18
19. Smale, S.T., and J.T. Kadonaga. 2003. The RNA Polymerase II Core Promoter. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 72:449–79.
19
20. Sonnenberg, A. S. M., and L.J.L.D. van Griensven. 2000. Genetics and Breeding of Agaricus bisporus. In Science and Cultivation of Edible Fungi. Congr. on the Science and Cultivation of Edible Fungi, May15-19, 2000. pp. 25–39.
20
21. Upshall, A., A.A. Kumar, M.C. Bailey, M.D. Parker, M.A. Favreau, K.P. Lewison, M.L. Joseph, J.M. Maraganore, and G.L. McKnight. 1987. Secretion of Active Human Tissue Plasminogen Activator from the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Nat. Biotechnol. 5:1301–1304.
21
22. Velcko, A.J., R.W. Kerrigan, L.A. MacDonald, M.P. Wach, C. Schlagnhaufer, and C.P. Romaine. 2004. Expression of Novel Genes in Agaricus bisporus Using an Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Technique. I.S.M.S. 16:591–598.
22
23. Wolff, A.M., and J. Arnau. 2002. Cloning of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase-Encoding Genes in Mucor circinelloides (Syn. Racemosus) and Use of the gpd1 Promoter for Recombinant Protein Production. Fungal. Genet. Biol. 35:21–29.
23
24. Zhang, C., V. Odon, H.K. Kim, M.P. Challen, K.S. Burton, D. Hartley, and T.J. Elliott. 2004. Mushrooms for Molecular Pharming. I.S.M.S. 16:611–618.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Genetic Diversity of Iranian Melon Cultigens Revealed by AFLP Markers
Iran is a part of the secondary centre of origin of melons, and therefore, there is a wealth of genetic variation of these species in this country. The Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) marker was applied to investigate the genetic variations among five major Iranian melon cultigens (Cucumis melo) and ‘Ananasi’ as a general well-known cultivar. Ten primer pairs were used on 90 individuals producing 318 polymorphic fragments, with an average of 31.8 fragments per primer combination. The polymorphism rates ranged from 80 to 100%. The genetic similarities among accessions were calculated according to Dice’s Similarity Index and used to construct a dendrogram based on the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average (UPGMA). The genetic distance estimates based on AFLPs ranged from 0.29 to 0.63, with a mean of 47±0.3. Iranian melon genotypes and the ‘Ananasi’ cultivar were considered as two separate groups on the cluster analysis. The principal coordinate analysis showed a separate allocation of the melon cultivar groups. The results demonstrated a wide diversity of Iranian melon cultigens. The high number of alleles and the high expected genetic diversity detected with the AFLP marker indicated that the Iranian melon cultigens had distinctive characteristics and were an important genetic diversity pool, which made them a valuable source of breeding materials.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_54263_5a54ee660f878535e7ab3f13d8b986b2.pdf
2015-06-01
43
53
10.22059/ijhst.2015.54263
Amplified fragment length polymorphis
Cucumis melo
Genetic distance
Molecular markers
Mansoureh
Danesh
sazizinia@yahoo.com
1
Department of Horticulture, College of Abouraihan Campus, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Lotfi
mlotfi@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Horticulture, College of Abouraihan Campus, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Shiva
Azizinia
sazizinia@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Horticulture, College of Abouraihan Campus, University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bassam, B.J., G. Caetano-Anolles and P.M. Gresshoff. 1991. Fast and Sensitive Silver Staining of DNA in Acryl Amide Gels. Ann. Biochem. 196:80-83.
1
Behera, T.K., A.B. Gaikward, A.K. Singh and J.E. Staub. 2008. Relative Efficiency of DNA Markers (RAPD, ISSR and AFLP) in Detecting Genetic Diversity of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) J. Sci. Food Agr. 88:733-737.
2
Doyle, J.J., and J.L. Doyle. 1987. A rapid DNA Isolation Procedure for Sample Quantities of Fresh Leaf Tissue. Phytochem. Bul. 191:11-15.
3
FAO (2010) FAOSTAT agricultural database. Online: http://apps.fao.org
4
Fabriki-Orang, S., M. Shams-Bakhsh, M. Jalali-Javaran and J. Ahmadi. 2008. Classification of Iranian Melon Collections using Microsatellite Markers. Cong. Genetics. Conf. Iranian Genetics Soc. p130.
5
Feyzian, E., M. Jalali-Javaran, H. Dehghani and H. Zamyad. 2007. Analysis of the Genetic Diversity among some of Iranian Melons (Cucumis melo L.) Landraces using Morphological and RAPD Molecular Markers. J. Sci. Technol. Agr. Natur. Resour. 11:151-162.
6
Frary A. , H.Ö. Şığva, A.Tan, T. Taşkın, A. İnal, S.Mutlu and M. Haytaoğlu. 2013. Molecular Genetic Diversity in the Turkish National Melon Collection and Selection of a Preliminary Core Set. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 138:50-56
7
Fufa, H., P.S. Baenziger, B.S. Beecher, I. Dweikat, R.A. Graybosch and K.M. Eskridge. 2005. Comparison of Phenotypic and Molecular Marker-Based Classifications of Hard Red Winter Wheat Cultivars. Euphytica 145:133–146.
8
Garcia-Mas, J., M. Oliver, H. Gomez-Paniagua and M.C. DeVicente. 2000. Comparing AFLP, RAPD and RFLP Markers for Measuring Genetic Diversity in Melon. Theo. Appl. Genet. 101:860-864.
9
10. Gvozdenović, S., D.S. Panković, S. Jocić and V. Radić. 2009. Correlation between Heterosis and Genetic Distance Based on SSR Markers in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). J. Agr. Sci. 54:1-10.
10
11. Jagosz B. 2011. The Relationship Between Heterosis and Genetic Distances Based on RAPD and AFLP Markers in Carrot. Plant Breed. 130:574-579
11
12. Kohpayegani, J.A., and M. Behbahani. 2008. Genetic Diversity of some Populations of Iranian Melon using SSR Markers. Biotechnoligy 7:19-26
12
13. Lombard, V., C.P. Baril, P. Dubreuil, F. Blouet and D. Zhang. 2000. Genetic Relationship and Fingerprinting of Rapeseed Cultivars by AFLP: Consequences for Varietal Registration. Crop Sci. 40:1417-1425.
13
14. Lotfi, M., and A. Kashi. 1999. The New Iranian Melon as a New Cultivar-group. In: Andrew S. et al. (eds). Taxonomy of Cultivated Plants, Royal Botanical Gardens. 447- 449 (abstr).
14
15. Luan, F., Y. Sheng, Y. Wang and J.E. Staub. 2010. Performance of Melon Hybrids Derived from Parents of Diverse Geographic Origins. Euphytica 173:1-16.
15
16. Maras, M. J. Šustar-Vozlic, B. Javornik, V. Meglic. 2008. The Efficiency of AFLP and SSR Markers in Genetic Diversity Estimation and Gene Pool Classification of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Acta Agr. Slovenica 91:87-96.
16
17. Moaiedi nejad, A., A. Ershadi, J.A. kohpaigani, F. Dashti. 2010. Genetic Diversity Among Iranian Cantaloupe Landraces (Cucumis melo) Using Microsatellite Markers. Agr. Biotechnol. 1:1-8
17
18. Naroui Rad, M.R., M. Allahdoo and H.R. Fanaei. 2010. Study of some Yield Traits Relationship in Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Germplasm Gene Bank of Iran by Correlation and Factor Analysis. Trakia J. Sci. 8:27-32
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19. Nei, M. and W.H. Li. 1979. Mathematical Model for Studying Genetic Variation in Terms of Restriction Endonucleases. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 76:5269-5273.
19
20. Raghami M., Z. Zamani, A.I. Lopez-Sese, M.R. Hasandokht, M.R.Fattahi Moghadam and A. Kashi. 2014. Genetic Diversity among Melon Accessions from Iran and their Relationships with Melon Germplasm of Diverse Origins using Microsatellite Markers. Plant Syst Evol. 300:139–151.
20
21. Ramanatha, R.V. and T. Hodgkin. 2002. Genetic Diversity and Conservation and Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Cult. 68:1–19.
21
22. Reddy, O., Y.R. Tomason, I. Zlenko, A. Bashet, P. Kaur, A. Levi, G.T. Bates and P. Nimmakayala. 2005. Molecular Diversity in Ukrainian Melon Germplasm. Congr. Plant Animal Genomes. Proceed. Plant Animal Genomes XIII Conf. P. 177.
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23. Rohlf, F.J. 1997. NTSYS-pc: Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System. Version 2.02. Exeter Ltd., Setauket, New York, USA.
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24. Ruiz-Lozano, J.M., C. Collados, J.M. Barea and R. Azco´n. 2001. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis can Alleviate Drought Induced Nodule Senescence in Soybean Plants. New Phytol. 151:493-502.
24
25. Sekhon, M.S. and V.P. Gupta. 1995. Genetic distance and heterosis in Indian mustard: developmental isozymes as indicator of genetic relationships. Theo. Appl. Genet. 91:1148-1154.
25
26. Sheng Y.Y, Y.H.Wang, F.S. Luan. 2011. Distribution of Simple Sequence Repeat and AFLP Marker on Melon Genetic Map1. China vegetables. 1(8):39-45.
26
27. Soltani, F., Y. Akashi, A. Kashi, Z. Zamani, Y. Mostofi and K. Kato. 2010. Characterization of Iranian Melon Landraces of Cucumis melo L. Groups Flexuosus and Dudaim by Analysis of Morphological Characters and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. Breeding Sci. 60:34-45.
27
28. Stanys, V., B. Frercks, J.B. Šiksnianiene, I. Stepulaitiene, D. Gelvonauskiene, G. Staniene, and Č. Bobinas. 2012. Identification of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Cultivars using AFLP and SSR Markers. Žemdirbystė=Agr. 99:437-444.
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29. Staub, J.E., F. Serquen and M. Gupta. 1996. Genetic Markers, Map Construction and their Application in Plant Breeding. HortScience 31:729-741.
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30. Vos, P., R. Hogers, M. Bleeker, M. Reijans, T. Van-de-Lee and M. Hornes. 1995. AFLP: a New Technique for DNA Fingerprinting. Nucl. Acids Res. 23:4407-4414.
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31
32. Xu Z., T. Hu and F. Zhang. 2012. Genetic Diversity of Walnut Revealed by AFLP and RAPD Markers. J. Agr. Sci. 4:271-276
32
33. Yashiro, K., I. Hirouoshi, A. Yukari and T. Ken-o. 2005. Genetic Relationships among Asian Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Revealed by AFLP Analysis. Breeding Sci. 55:197-206.
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34. Zamyad, H., M. Jalali-javaran and F. Shahriari. 2005. Analysis of the Genetic Diversity among some of Iranian Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Landraces using Morphological and RAPD Molecular Markers. Agr. Sci. Technol. J. 20:14-21.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Improvement in Vase Life of Cut Rose cv. “Dolce Vita” by Preharvest Foliar Application of Calcium Chloride and Salicylic Acid
Rosa hybrida L. is an important commercial cut flower. Salicylic acid (SA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) act as endogenous signal molecules responsible for growth parameters in plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of preharvest SA and CaCl2 treatments in extending the vase life of cut rose flowers. Therefore, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with SA (0, 150, 300, and 450 mg L-1) and CaCl2 (0, 0.75, 1.5, and 2.25%) with 4 replicates and 2 samples (individual flowers) in each replicate, was conducted. Changes in growth, macronutrient concentration, chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content (LRWC), flower quality, vase life, and membrane stability index were investigated in R. hybrida cv. “Dolce Vita.” Exogenously applied SA and CaCl2 increased plant growth (such as shoots and flower buds). Foliar application of SA and CaCl2 also increased macronutrient concentration (N, K, Ca, and Mg), chlorophyll content, LRWC, flower quality, and vase life; however membrane stability index was decreased with increasing levels of SA and CaCl2. These results suggest that SA and CaCl2 could be used as potential growth promoters to improve postharvest life of roses. According to the results of this experiment, SA and CaCl2 as natural, cheap, safe, and biodegradable compounds are suitable alternatives for conventional chemical treatments in order to prolong vase life of cut rose flowers. Commercialization of these compounds for optimum formulations needs further experiments.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_54264_ba85a197a8c0519bbd3d45b5f3836709.pdf
2015-06-01
55
66
10.22059/ijhst.2015.54264
chlorophyll content
membrane stability
plant growth
postharvest life
Mehdi
Abdolmaleki
mehdiabdolmaleki87@yahoo.com
1
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Morteza
Khosh-Khui
mkhoshkhui@yahoo.com
2
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Saeid
Eshghi
eshghi@shirazu.ac.ir
3
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Asghar
Ramezanian
ramezanian@shirazu.ac.ir
4
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abadi, D.H. 2010. Yield and Quality Management of Rosa hybrida ‘Poison’ with Plant Growth Regulators. Amer. J. Agr. Environ. Sci. 8:736–740.
1
Agami, R.A. and G.F. Mohamed. 2013. Exogenous Treatment with Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Salicylic Acid Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity in Wheat Seedlings. Ecotoxicol. environ. Saf. 94:164–171.
2
Alaey, M., M. Babalar, R. Naderi and M. Kafi. 2011. Effect of Pre- and Postharvest Salicylic Acid Treatment on Physio-chemical Attributes in Relation to Vase-life of Rose Cut Flowers. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 61:91–94.
3
Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper Enzymes in Isolated Chloroplasts: Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol. 24:1–15.
4
Baas, R., N. Marissen and A. Dik. 2000. Cut Roses Quality as Affected by Calcium Supply and Translocation. In XXV International Horticultural Congress, Part 8: Quality of Horticultural Products 518, pp. 45–54.
5
Capdeville, G.D., L.A. Maffia, F. Finger and U.G. Batista. 2005. Preharvest Calcium Sulfate Applications Affect Vase Life and Severity of Gray Mold in Cut Roses. Sci. Hort. 103:329–338.
6
Cramer, G.R., A. Läuchli and E. Epstein. 1986. Effect of NaCl and CaCl2 on Ion Activities in Complex Nutrient Solutions and Root Growth of Cotton. Plant Physiol. 81:792–797.
7
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8
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55
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Diverse Postharvest Responses of Tomato Fruits at Different Maturity Stages to Hot Water Treatment
Sensitivity of tomato fruits to chilling injury limits its storage and marketability. This study investigated the effect of hot water treatment (HWT) on reducing the consequences of chilling injury (CI) with respect to quality attributes of tomatoes during storage. Tomatoes were harvested at three ripening stages: mature green, pink, and red; dipped in hot water at 45°C for 15 min; and stored at three storage temperature conditions: 5°C, 13°C, and a simulated condition (SC: 3 days at 25°C and then at 5°C) representing the time between harvest and consumption by consumer. Quality analysis was carried out at the beginning of the experiment and every 10 days of storage 3 days of shelf life evaluation. Fruit color, lycopene content, weight loss, and CI were evaluated during the experiment. HWT reduced CI in mature green tomatoes but had little effect in pink and red fruits. It also caused delay in surface color development and reduced weight loss. During storage, heated mature green fruits often had significantly more lycopene content but low a* compared with unheated ones, whereas in heated red fruits, both a* and lycopene content were lower than unheated ones. This study showed that HWT could be used to reduce CI in mature green tomatoes, but not in pink and red fruits.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_54265_724970f421f3243801123f47276a69fa.pdf
2015-06-01
67
74
10.22059/ijhst.2015.54265
chilling injury
Color
Heat treatment
maturity stage
postharvest
Siamak
Kalantari
kalantaris@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Hatami
mohsenhatami@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Delshad
delshad@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Bergevin, M., G.P. L’Heureux, J.E. Thompson, and C. Willemot. 1993. Effect of Chilling and Subsequent Storage at 20˚C on Electrolyte Leakage and Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition of Tomato Pericarp. Physiol. Plant. 87:522–527.
1
Cantwell, M.I. and R.F. Kasmire. 2002. Postharvest Handling Systems: Fruit Vegetables, pp. 407–423. In: A.A. Kader (ed.) Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops. University of California, Agriculture and Nature Resources, Davis.
2
Davies, B.H. 1965. Analysis of Carotenoid Pigments, In: T.W. Goodwin (ed.) Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Pigments. Academic Press, New York, USA. 530.
3
Fallik, E., S. Grinberg, S. Alkalai, O. Yekutieli, A. Wiseblum, R. Regev, H. Beres, and E. Bar-Lev. 1999. A Unique Rapid Hot Water Treatment to Improve Storage Quality of Sweet Pepper. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 15:25-32.
4
Fallik, E. 2004. Prestorage Hot Water Treatments (Immersion, Rinsing and Brushing). Postharvest Biol. Technol. 32:125-134.
5
Hakim, A., E. Kaukovirta, E. Pehu, and I. Voipio. 1997. Effect of Hot Water, Immersion Time, and Length of Storage on Chilling Injury of Tomato Fruit. J. Veg. Crop Prod. 3:17-27.
6
Jing, Y., F. Mao-run, Z. Yu-ying, and M. Lin-chun. 2009. Reduction of Chilling Injury and Ultrastructural Damage in Cherry Tomato Fruits after Hot Water Treatment. Agr. Sci. China 8:304-310.
7
King, M.M. and P.M. Ludford. 1983. Chilling Injury and Electrolyte Leakage in Fruit of Different Tomato Cultivars. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 108:74-77.
8
Lu, J., M.T. Charles, C. Vigneault, B. Goyette, and G.S.V. Raghavan. 2010. Effect of Heat Treatment Uniformity on Tomato Ripening and Chilling Injury. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 56:155-162.
9
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10
11. Lurie, S. and J.D. Klein. 1992. Ripening Characteristics of Tomatoes Stored at 12˚C and 2˚C Following a Prestorage Heat Treatment. Sci. Hort. 51:55-64.
11
12. McDonald, R.E., T.G. McCollum, and E.A. Baldwin. 1999. Temperature of Hot Water Treatments Influences Tomato Fruit Quality Following Low-temperature Storage. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 16:147-155.
12
13. Paull, R.E. 1990. Chilling Injury of Crops of Tropical and Subtropical Origin, pp. 17-36. In: C.Y. Wang (ed.) Chilling Injury of Horticultural Crops. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
13
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15
16. Schirra, M. and G. D’Hallewin. 1997. Storage Performance of Fortune Mandarins Following Hot Water Dips. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 10:229-237.
16
17. Sozzi, G.O., O. Cascone, and A.A. Fraschina. 1996. Effect of a High-Temperature Stress on Endo-β-mannanase and α- and β-galactosidase Activities during Tomato Fruit Ripening. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 9:49-63.
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18
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19
20. Wills, R.B.H. and V.V.V. Ku. 2002. Use of 1-MCP to Extend the Time to Ripen of Green Tomatoes and Postharvest Life of Ripe Tomatoes. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 26:85-90.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Role of Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid Applications on Bloom Delay, Flowering and Fruiting of ‘Elberta’ Peach
Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch.) is produced in most areas of Iran, where flowering is hindered by temperature. Using plant growth regulators to delay bloom is a suggestive measure to avoid frost damage. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of methyl jasmonate (MJ) and salicylic acid (SA) on peach bloom delay and yield. This study evaluated the applications of MJ 0 (control, water only), 100 and 200 mg L-1 and SA at 150 and 300 mg L-1 at swollen bud and green tip stages. In ‘Elberta’ peach, MJ at 200 mg L-1, its combinations with SA at 150 mg L-1 and MJ 200 mg L-1 and SA300 mg L-1 together at the two stages (green tip, swollen bud stages) delayed blooming for 6 and 8 days, respectively. The maturity and ripening of treated peach fruits were delayed for 8-12 days in green tip and swollen bud stage. Flowering percentage amount (57.83-61.80%), fruit set amount (22.59-23.53%) and yield (1.69-1.72 kg cm-2 branch) were increased by MJ 200 mg L-1 and SA300 mg L-1 treatments compared to the control treatment (flowering percentage amount (39.31%), fruit set amount (6.25%) and yield (0.82 kg cm-2 branch). The interactions of MJ and SA had more impacts on flowering (89.53%), fruit set (33.22%), fruit weight average (124.93 g), and yield (2.09 kg cm-2 branch)compared to their individual application. The present study was the first evidence for the SA and MJ effect on bloom delay, flowering and fruiting of peach.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_54266_cb1d631af9d11cb79788de6462eef76d.pdf
2015-06-01
75
85
10.22059/ijhst.2015.54266
Bloom delay
green tip stage
swollen bud stage
yield
Hamideh
Mohammadi
hmohammadi2008@gmail.com
1
Horticultural Research Institute, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Pakkish
zpakkish@yahoo.com
2
Horticultural Research Institute, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Vahidreza
Saffari
saffariv@uk.ac.ir
3
Horticultural Research Institute, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
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1
Bregoli, A.M., S. Scaramagli, G. Costa, E. Sabatini, V. Ziosi, S. Biondi, P. Torrigiani. 2002. Peach (Prunus persica L.) Fruit Ripening: Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and Exogenous Polyamines Affect Ethylene Emission and Flesh Firmness. Physiol. Plant. 114:472-481.
2
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52
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Postharvest Assessment of Lignifying Enzymes Activity, Flower Stem Lignification and Bending Disorder of Gerbera Cut Flower
Scape bending disorder is the most important factor affecting postharvest loss of gerbera cut flowers. One of the ultimate reasons for gerbera stem bending is lignin, with deformation structural functions and defensive mechanisms. This postharvest experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes activity in stem bending of two gerbera cultivars; (‘Beaudine’ (sensitive)) and (‘Aqua’(resistant)). This experiment was based on a completely randomized design with three replications over eight days. Results showed the significant effects of cultivar on stem bending percentage, total phenol content, PAL and POD enzyme activities and lignin content (P<0.05). The ‘Aqua’ cultivar had the highest phenol and lignin content and the lowest stem bending percentage. The maximum and the minimum PAL and POD enzyme activities were observed in resistant and sensitive cultivars, respectively. Based on the results, induction of PAL and POD enzymes activity, and consequently lignin formation could have direct effects on stem strength and as a result reduce gerbera stem bending disorder.
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_54267_a7f9effbdfc18ce7df92eae6f1e29d5b.pdf
2015-06-01
87
95
10.22059/ijhst.2015.54267
Gerbera jamesonii
Peroxidase
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase
phenylpropanoid pathway
stem curvature
total phenol
Mohammad Javad
Nazarideljou
nazarideljou@yahoo.com
1
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Masoud
Azizi
masoudazizi64@yahoo.com
2
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
AUTHOR
Boerjan, W., I. Ralph, and M. Baucher. 2003. Lignin Biosynthesis. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 54:519–546.
1
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2
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Ferrante, A. and G. Serra. 2009. Lignin Content and Stem Bending Incidence on Cut Gerbera Flowers. Acta Hort. 847:377–384.
8
Ferrante, A., A., Alberici, S. Antonacci, and G. Serra. 2007. Effect of Promoter Andinhibitors of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Enzyme on Stem Bending of Cut Gerbera Flowers. Acta Hort. 755:471–476.
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10. Gerasopoulos, D. and Chebli, B. 1999. Effects of Pre- and Postharvest Calcium Applications on the Vase Life of Cut Gerberas. J. Hort. Sci. Biotechnol. 74:78-81.
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20. Luo, Z.S., X.L. Xu, and B.F. Yan. 2008b. Use of 1-methylcyclopropene for Alleviating Chilling Injury and Lignification of Bamboo Shoot (Phyllostachyspraecoxf. prevernalis) during Cold Storage. J. Sci. Food Agr. 88:151–157.
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33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pupae are Excellent Explants with Low Microbial Contamination and High Regeneration Frequency for Micropropagation of Freesia ×hybrida Bailey 'Argenta'
Two separate factorial experiments were conducted to study the effects of explant sources, plant growth regulators, sucrose concentrations, and light conditions on in vitro cormlet formation of freesia (Freesia ×hybrida Bailey 'Argenta'). Interestingly, it was observed that the pupae had lower contamination levels compared to mother corms. Using 40% sodium hypochlorite solution for 40 min, contamination levels of pupae and mother corms reduced to 19.80 and 46.40%, respectively. Moreover, pupae showed the highest regeneration frequency. In the first experiment, 6.67 cormlets were directly produced per pupa (cold storage-produced corm) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6 mg L-1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 1 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), and 60 g L-1 sucrose, when cultures were stored in the dark. In the second experiment, on average, 5.67 shoots were proliferated per pupa explant in the presence of 4 mg L-1 BA and 2 mg L-1 Kinetin (Kin). Subculturing these shoots on MS medium containing 3 mg L-1 BA and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA led to production of 3.67 cormlets per shoot. Finally, in vitro derived cormlets showed the highest percentage of rooting (77.80%), root number (8.33), and root length (2.13 cm) on MS medium containing 1 mg L-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).
https://ijhst.ut.ac.ir/article_54268_a84ea2d3d17bb15ef469174f2954b6e6.pdf
2015-06-01
97
109
10.22059/ijhst.2015.54268
Direct cormlet formation
in vitro shoot proliferation
Tissue culture
Ali
Pourkhaloee
alipourkhaloee@yahoo.com
1
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Morteza
Khosh-Khui
mkhoshkhui@yahoo.com
2
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Anderson, N.O. (ed.). 2007. Flower Breeding and Genetics, Springer, the Netherlands, 843 p.
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