Mohammad Taheri; Mousa Mousavi; Seyed Mohammad Hassan Mortazavi
Abstract
Olive shoots have a hard-rooting nature that causes significant problems associated with olive micro-propagation under in vitro conditions. Several factors may contribute to alleviating this problem, in cluding zinc and its derivatives. The current research involved the application of zinc oxide nanoparticles ...
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Olive shoots have a hard-rooting nature that causes significant problems associated with olive micro-propagation under in vitro conditions. Several factors may contribute to alleviating this problem, in cluding zinc and its derivatives. The current research involved the application of zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc sulfate on olive explants ‘Caillette’, ‘Beldi’ and ‘Dezfoli’ cultivars. FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FESEM, EDS, and DLS techniques characterized the zinc oxide nanoparticles. Then, micro cuttings containing two buds were cultured on a half-strength MS medium containing 1.5 mg L-1 of BAP hormone and 1 mg L-1 of GA3 hormone. The treatments led to olive shoots, 3 cm in length that were transferred to a 1/2 MS medium containing 3 mg L-1 of IBA. The olive shoots were treated with two types of zinc compounds, including zinc sulfate (0.0, 2.43, and 4.86 mg L-1) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (0.0, 2.43, 4.86, and 7.29 mg L-1). The results showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles induced callus growth in response to all concentrations but prevented root growth. Alternatively, zinc sulfate at all concentrations induced root and callus growth, although to a smaller extent than nanoparticles. The ‘Caillette’ cultivar had the highest rooting percentage and heaviest fresh and dry root weight. The ‘Beldi’ cultivar had the lowest of these values. Several factors potentially contributed to these results, such as hormonal (auxin biosynthesis), biochemical (enzyme and other proteins), and molecular factors (bZIP TFs), which changed by zinc application. A complementary bioinformatics study was conducted as well.
Ali Tanhaei; Ahmad Reza Dadras; Hossein Sabouri; Ebrahim Gholamalipour Alamdari; Sayed Javad Sajadi; Hossein Hosseini Moghaddam
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a historic and significant Mediterranean tree that has been widely used for its curative properties and oily nature. Images of 150 randomly selected fruits were captured and processed in three replications to investigate the genetic diversity among 98 olive genotypes. The ...
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Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a historic and significant Mediterranean tree that has been widely used for its curative properties and oily nature. Images of 150 randomly selected fruits were captured and processed in three replications to investigate the genetic diversity among 98 olive genotypes. The difference in all traits between genotypes was significant (P˂0.01), indicating a high level of genetic diversity among the olive genotypes. D1 outperformed other genotypes in terms of fruit area, major axis length, convex area, filled area, and equiv. diameter. The major axis length of the fruit exhibited a significant positive correlation with the perimeter, equivalent diameter, major axis length, and area of the stone (P≤0.01). Also, there was a significant, positive correlation between the minor axis lengths of the fruit and stone. The explained percentage of the traits’ associated markers indicated that the fruits’ major axis length had the highest cumulative coefficient (39%) with five bands. The IJS9-A and ScoT21-B genes regulated the most significant number of traits. The former regulated seven characteristics, i.e. fruit area, major axis length, minor axis length, convex area, filled area, equivalent diameter, and perimeter. In comparison, the latter regulated six characteristics, i.e. fruit area, major axis length, convex area, filled area, and the equivalent diameter of the fruit. Cluster analysis was used for categorizing genotypes into two groups. The findings of this study can be applied in hybridization and production programs for developing genotypes with more suitable fruits.
Seyed Javad Sanei; Seyed Esmael Razavi
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae Kleb. the causal agent of vascular wilt is an important pathogen of olive trees in growing areas of the world. Nine-month-old nursery olives including ‘Bladi’, ‘Conservalia’, ‘Kalamon’, ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Manzanilla’, ‘Mission’, ...
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Verticillium dahliae Kleb. the causal agent of vascular wilt is an important pathogen of olive trees in growing areas of the world. Nine-month-old nursery olives including ‘Bladi’, ‘Conservalia’, ‘Kalamon’, ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Manzanilla’, ‘Mission’, ‘Marry’, ‘Picual’, ‘Rowghani’, ‘Sevillana’ and ‘Zard’ cultivars were root-dip inoculated with a defoliating (VCG1) isolate of V. dahliae obtained from diseased olives. Resistance was evaluated by assessing symptom severity using 0-4 rating scale and estimating the area under disease progress curves. The percentage of plants killed and final mean severity of symptoms were used as additional parameters for classifying the cultivars. Most of the tested cultivars were susceptible or highly susceptible to Verticillium wilt. However, two genotypes ‘Kalamon’ and ‘Koroneiki’ exhibited high resistance or resistance to this disease. Vegetative growth was reduced in inoculated plants due to infections caused by V. dahliae, although the reduction was remarkably higher in susceptible than in resistantcultivars. Correlation coefficient analyses revealed a negative relation between disease severity and vegetative growth. Dendrogram of olive cultivars based on all parameters represented two main clusters, major and minor. Minor cluster comprised only ‘Kalamon’ and ‘Koroneiki’ cultivars as resistant to V. dahliae. The major cluster could be divided into two groups, exhibiting extremely susceptible or susceptible reaction to V. dahliae.
Mahmood Izadi; Ali Reza Shahsavar; Abbas Mirsoleimani
Abstract
The relationships between rooting potential with endogenous phenolic compounds, nitrogen and soluble carbohydrates of cuttings for five olive cultivars (‘Rowghani’, ‘Dusti’, ‘Tokhmekabki’, ‘Konservalia’ and ‘Amigdalolia’) were investigated. ...
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The relationships between rooting potential with endogenous phenolic compounds, nitrogen and soluble carbohydrates of cuttings for five olive cultivars (‘Rowghani’, ‘Dusti’, ‘Tokhmekabki’, ‘Konservalia’ and ‘Amigdalolia’) were investigated. Extracts of the leaves and the base of the cuttings were used for analysis of biochemical compounds. Results showed that there were significant differences in rooting potential among olive cultivars. There was no correlation between leaves and stems nitrogen contents and rooting ability of the cuttings. Moreover, leaf and stem soluble sugars, leaf total phenolics, stem caffeic acid, narengin and chlorogenic acid contents of the leaf and stem, did not affect the rooting potential of the cuttings. However, leaf catechin, stem total phenolics and vanillic acid had positive effects on rooting potential of the cuttings. There was a negative correlation between rooting percentage of the cuttings and leaf gallic acid and narengine contents.
