Khaled Elmeer; Zenib Suliman; Latifa Al-Latifi; Nora Alhashimi; Ateea Alamami
Abstract
In the Libyan Green Mountains, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different elevations and topography on the genetic variation and chemical composition of Spartium junceum. The results indicated a significant difference among the antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and flavonoid ...
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In the Libyan Green Mountains, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different elevations and topography on the genetic variation and chemical composition of Spartium junceum. The results indicated a significant difference among the antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and flavonoid content of flower extracts obtained from the genotypes of different regions. The total phenol content ranged from 22.74 to 31.66 mg GAE g-1, whereas the flavonoid content ranged from 7.35 to 10.74 mg CE g-1 DW. The antioxidant efficiency appeared variable among the flower extracts, ranging between 66.81-91.55 μM Trolox equivalents (TE) g-1 of dry matter. Genetic variation was examined by inter-simple sequence repeats, showing a mean value of 0.26 in gene diversity, and a mean value of 0.21 in polymorphism information content. A total of 26 bands were observed, with an average of 3.25 bands per primer, while 50% of the bands were polymorphic. The most effective primers were BT01, BT09, and BT11, which generated four bands. The least effective primer was BT10, which generated only two bands. Phylogenetic relationships between the genotypes divided the samples into two main groups according to geographical location.
Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Mortazavian; Mahdieh Arshadi Bidgoli
Abstract
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an annual, outcross plant with medicinal properties. It is adapted to arid and semi-arid regions of the world. This research aimed to evaluate genetic parameters such as GCA and genetic distance based on molecular markers and important traits for parent selection among diverse ...
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Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an annual, outcross plant with medicinal properties. It is adapted to arid and semi-arid regions of the world. This research aimed to evaluate genetic parameters such as GCA and genetic distance based on molecular markers and important traits for parent selection among diverse genotypes of cumin. For this purpose, ISSR markers and a polycross assay were conducted. Forty-nine half-sib families were obtained from the polycross test and were evaluated for two years under normal and drought stress conditions. The measurements were aimed at 1000-seed weight, mechanized harvest height, and seed yield. The statistical analysis guided a selection of elite parents due to the high genetic diversity among half-sib families. An estimation of narrow sense heritability and general combining ability of the studied traits revealed the contribution of both additive and non-additive effects in genetically controlling the evaluated traits. According to the general combining ability, drought tolerance indices and genetic distance of 49 genotypes, the top 10 candidates were selected for the production of drought-tolerant seeds. From a molecular perspective, the banding patterns obtained from ISSR markers showed significant genetic diversity among all genotypes and indicated a proper distance among ten selected parents. The findings of this experiment provided a starting point for cumin breeding. It is likely that a breeding program would proceed with random pollinations among the ten select genotypes under controlled conditions to produce high-yield drought-tolerant varieties.
Mehdi Garazhian; Ali Gharaghani; Saeid Eshghi; Ahmad Tahmasebi
Abstract
This study was carried out to estimate the genetic diversity and relationships of 74 Iranian blackberry accessions assigned to 5 different species using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) marker analysis and morphological trait characterization. Sixteen traits were analyzed, including phenological, ...
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This study was carried out to estimate the genetic diversity and relationships of 74 Iranian blackberry accessions assigned to 5 different species using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) marker analysis and morphological trait characterization. Sixteen traits were analyzed, including phenological, vegetative and reproductive attributes (in 57 out of 74 accessions), and 10 ISSR primers were screened (in 74 accessions). The yield and leaf width had the highest and lowest genetic diversity, (diversity index = 62.57 and 13.74), respectively. Flowering and ripening date were recorded as traits with the strongest correlations (r = 0.98). Ten ISSR primers were selected and produced a total of 161 amplified fragments (200 to 3500 bp), of which 113 were polymorphic. The highest, lowest and average PIC values were 0.53, 0.38 and 0.44, respectively. Principle component analysis (PCA) was based on morphological traits and showed that the first six components explained 84.9% of the variations among the traits. Meanwhile, the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was based on ISSR data and implied the first eight principal coordinates which explained 67.06% of the total variation. Cluster analysis was based on morphological traits and ISSR data ultimately classified all accessions into two and three major groups, respectively, so that the distribution pattern of genotypes was mainly based on species and the geographic origins.
Seyed Abolfazl Hassani; Ali Salehi Sardoei; Hamideh Azad Ghouge Bigloo; Hadi Ghasemi; Amir Ghorbanzadeh
Abstract
Various markers can be used for accurate identifications of plant genotypes and cultivars. Since microsatellite markers of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are abundant and reliably reproducible, 14 pairs were used for evaluating polymorphic levels among 33 apple genotypes. All 14 pairs of primers had ...
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Various markers can be used for accurate identifications of plant genotypes and cultivars. Since microsatellite markers of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are abundant and reliably reproducible, 14 pairs were used for evaluating polymorphic levels among 33 apple genotypes. All 14 pairs of primers had high degrees of polymorphism, ranging from three alleles (in the case of primers CH01h01 and CH02d12) to 12 alleles in primer CH05d04. In total, 83 polymorphic alleles appeared in these 14 SSR loci (with an average of 5.92 alleles per gene locus), and the polymorphic information content averaged 0.71. Dendrograms for molecular data were drawn based on the UPGMA method, and genotypes were divided into six main groups. The genotypes of Shahrood 20 and Shahrood 21 (95%) had the highest similarity with each other, while Shahrood 3 and Palestinian Malayer (14%) had the lowest. Principal component analysis confirmed the results of cluster analysis to determine relationships between the genotypes.
Mohammad Mehdi Sharifani; Tetsuya Kimura; Toshiya Yamamoto; Chikako Nishtani
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify and recognize relations and diversity among accessions of the Iranianpears (Pyrus spp). A total of 34 pear accessions, derived presumably from at least six species, were subjected to simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis. The Japanese and the Chinese pear samples ...
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This study was conducted to identify and recognize relations and diversity among accessions of the Iranianpears (Pyrus spp). A total of 34 pear accessions, derived presumably from at least six species, were subjected to simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis. The Japanese and the Chinese pear samples were; “Housui” and “Yali” cultivars, example of Pyrus pyrifolia and P. bretschneideri, respectively. Some European pears and Iranian germplasm were analyzed. Seven SSR markers (KU10, BGA35, BGT23b, NH011b, NH013a, NH004a and NH015a) were used for the analysis. One hundred six visible amplified fragments (putative alleles) acquired for 34 pear samples NH011b and NH015a loci exhibited high heterozygosities of 0.82 and 0.79, respectively. BGA35 produced eight putative alleles, while NH013a created 22 putative alleles. The average value of allele per locus was 15. A phenogram was constructed based on the similarity-matrix data using the unweighted pair-group and arithmetic average methods. There was no association between the SSR and morphological phenograms. This work revealed relatedness of Iranian pear samples to the four species of P. communis, P. syriaca, P. salicifolia, and P. glabra.
Mohammad Hossein Azimi; Zahra Tahernezhad; Mohammad Javad Zamani
Abstract
Iris belongs toIridaceae family and it is monocotyledon. Iris is one of the important ornamental and medicinal plants. 34 iris genotypes (14 species) collected from different provinces of Iran were planted at National Institute of Ornamental Plants (NIOP) Iran. All of the species evaluated for 15 quantitative ...
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Iris belongs toIridaceae family and it is monocotyledon. Iris is one of the important ornamental and medicinal plants. 34 iris genotypes (14 species) collected from different provinces of Iran were planted at National Institute of Ornamental Plants (NIOP) Iran. All of the species evaluated for 15 quantitative traits and 30 qualitative traits. Results showed that the highest positive correlation was between inner tepal length and width and the lowest of this correlation was between crest length and width. Cluster analysis using Ward similarity coefficient divided Iris species into three clusters. Also the highest Nei’s genetic distance based on qualitative traits was between I. iberica and I. fosterana and the lowest was between I. germanica and I. paradoxa. The maximum genetic diversity was in Khorasan Razavi populations, and the minimum was in Khorasan (North). According to Shannon index, I. spuria and I. germanica species had the maximum level of genetic diversity. Cluster analysis according to qualitative traits by Jaccard similarity coefficient and UPGMA classified the 34 genotypes into four groups. Classification of populations based on quantitative traits was not similar to classification based on qualitative traits and they were not similar to geographical distribution.
