Afsaneh Yavari Kondori; Roohangiz Naderi; Mahmood Khosrowshali; Kambiz Larijani
Abstract
Cyclamen, a popular decorative plant, is commonly found in gardens and pots. Since wild Cyclamen are endangered, a study was conducted to explore the genetic potential of wild Cyclamen, focusing on their morphology and chromosomal diversity among eight accessions. A total of 23 phenotypic-biochemical ...
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Cyclamen, a popular decorative plant, is commonly found in gardens and pots. Since wild Cyclamen are endangered, a study was conducted to explore the genetic potential of wild Cyclamen, focusing on their morphology and chromosomal diversity among eight accessions. A total of 23 phenotypic-biochemical traits were evaluated along with chromosome counting. The morphological measures showed a humble range of variation, particularly in the number of flowers, peduncle diameter, number of leaves, hypocotyl length, and hypocotyl weight, with the Kordkuy accession being the largest and the Deylaman accession the most seeded. Cyclamen chromosome counting indicated 15 chromosomal levels, implying a significant chromosomal diversity among the accessions, with the Pasand accession exhibiting the highest level of chromosomal diversity (14 chromosomal levels). Furthermore, only the Pasand accession had the greatest chromosomal level (2n=48) among the accessions. By describing the results based on the median, the smallest chromosomal diversity was recorded in the Kordkuy accession. Cyclamen accessions were divided into two main clusters and a single accession. The Kordkuy accession was separated from the other accessions. HCA analysis confirmed the separation of the Kordkuy accession from the other accessions, as expected from its superiority in most morphological traits. The current findings can be used for improving Cyclamen breeding programs as well as evolutionary studies. We suggest more focus on the utilization of wild genetic resources to conserve Cyclamen varieties and strengthen their genetic background.
Narges Asadi; Hossein Zarei; Hamid Reza Hashemi Petrodi; Seid Javad Mousavizade
Abstract
Galanthus transcaucasicus is a less frequently known species with a high distribution in southern regions of the Caspian Sea in Iran. So far, no precise study has been done on Galanthus transcaucasicus in the literature. This study aimed to collect and introduce the morphological and anat omical features ...
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Galanthus transcaucasicus is a less frequently known species with a high distribution in southern regions of the Caspian Sea in Iran. So far, no precise study has been done on Galanthus transcaucasicus in the literature. This study aimed to collect and introduce the morphological and anat omical features of endemic Galanthus transcaucasicus in detail. Herewit h, 50 Galanthus transcaucasicus accessions of five populations (10 randomly selected plants from each population) were collected from four provinces, including Mazandaran, Guilan, Golestan, and Ardabil, Iran. Twelve morphological traits and ten anatomical parameters were measured. The largest flowers were observed in Shirgah population (22.66 and 11.97mm for outer perianth-segments length and width). The tallest stems were recorded in the Shirgah population (243.89 mm). The largest bulb size belonged to the Neka population (19.92 and 14.08 mm of bulb length and diameter, respectively). Anatomical analysis showed that the cells on the lower (abaxial) epidermis were spherical and short. On the upper (adaxial) epidermis, however, they were oblong and strongly elongated. G. transcaucasicus had amphistomatous leaves. The number of stomata on the upper surface was less (0.16 to 0.6 per mm2) than that on the lower surface (3.77 to 9.51 per mm2). Anatomically, there was a significant difference between populations from different regions. The results of this study revealed low variability among G. transcaucasicus accessions, representative of one species’ clone-population structure. Therefore, it seems that the range of environmental conditions in which the species are distributed can play a role in the morphological and anatomical features of Iranian Galanthus transcaucasicus.
Nayyereh Ghorbani; Esmaeil Chamani; Ali Akbar Shokoohian; Seyyedeh Sanaz Ramezanpour
Abstract
Biochemical diversity is a manifestation of geographical area and environmental change. In the present study, 16 ecotypes of yellow flag species were identified and collected through field studies. The ecotypes were identified and then grouped into three populations based on their geographical locations. ...
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Biochemical diversity is a manifestation of geographical area and environmental change. In the present study, 16 ecotypes of yellow flag species were identified and collected through field studies. The ecotypes were identified and then grouped into three populations based on their geographical locations. Using spectrophotometric methods, eight biochemical properties were measured. These were chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, antioxidant capacity, carotenoids, total phenol, flavonoids, and anthocyanin content. The biochemical traits were analyzed in a completely randomized design in three replications using SAS software and principal component analysis via SPSS software. The analysis of variance showed significant differences between the ecotypes in terms of biochemical traits (p<0.05; p<0.01). Photosyntheti-c pigments occurred maximally in ecotype Q, phenol and flavonoids in ecotype K, antioxidant capacity in ecotype O, and anthocyanin content in ecotype L. The populations were divided into three main groups by cluster analysis. Correlation analysis showed significant, positive correlations between chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll (r = 90%), total chlorophyll and carotenoids (r = 67%), as well as phenol content and flavonoid content (r = 56 %). The results indicated significant bioch-emical diversity in the ecotypes.
Leila Baghazadeh Daryaii; Davood Samsampour; Abdolnabi Bagheri; Majid Askari Seyahooei; Mojdeh Raam
Abstract
Investigating genetic diversity in plant species provides a platform for further insight in plant breeding and conservation. Therefore, in the present study genetic diversity of 13 geographically isolated genotypes of Zhumeria majdea, as a seriously endangered medicine plant growing exclusively in Hormozgan ...
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Investigating genetic diversity in plant species provides a platform for further insight in plant breeding and conservation. Therefore, in the present study genetic diversity of 13 geographically isolated genotypes of Zhumeria majdea, as a seriously endangered medicine plant growing exclusively in Hormozgan province (South of Iran) was studied. To do so, the leaf samples of Z. majdea were collected from the main growing habitats of this spices including Haji Abad, Geno and Bastak regions. The collected leaf samples were subjected to DNA extraction followed by PCR assay, using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. Twelve markers produced totally 121 polymorphic bands and revealed a clear-cut among and within Z. majdea genotypes. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed 86% and 14% variations within and among populations, respectively. Cluster analysis divided genotypes into four main groups. The first and second principle coordinates allocated 28.81% and 15.71% of the variations, respectively. In addition to the innate differences of the individuals, the high intra population variation of Z. majdea, can also be explained by differences in the presence or absence of endophytes and differences in the type and genetic pattern of their endophytes.
Akram Ansari; Ali Gharaghani
Abstract
By applying multivariate statistical analysis, this research aimed to estimate the heritability and find relationships between the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of Prunus scoparia and Prunus elaeagnifolia. Twenty genotypes of each species were selected randomly from cultivated populations ...
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By applying multivariate statistical analysis, this research aimed to estimate the heritability and find relationships between the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of Prunus scoparia and Prunus elaeagnifolia. Twenty genotypes of each species were selected randomly from cultivated populations and twenty-two traits including the tree, leaf, flower, nut and kernel attributes were measured. Results showed that there were high levels of genotypic and phenotypic variations among the genotypes of both species. Many of the measurements pertaining to the leaf, flower, nut and kernel, showed very high heritability (H2 >90%) in both species, whilst some traits such as shoot diameter in P. scoparia and kernel moisture in both species had very lower heritability (H2 <50%). Generally, the heritability of measured traits in P. elaeagnifolia were higher than those of P. scoparia, especially foreconomically important traits including yield (H2 = 94 and H2 = 54.61, respectively in P. elaeagnifolia and P. scoparia), nut weight (H2 = 97.83 and H2 = 85.39.61, respectively in P. elaeagnifolia and P. scoparia) and oil percentage (H2 = 75.55 and H2 = 61.43, respectively in P. elaeagnifolia and P. scoparia). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the most influential factors on yield of P. scoparia, were the fruit set, flower diameter and leaf length, whilst for the P. elaeagnifolia, the yield was mostly determined by fruit set and leaf area. The high genetic diversity and heritability of the studied traits, indicates high genetic potential of this germplasm to be utilized in future breeding programs.