Reza Shabani Fard; Erfan Aghaee Hanjani; Elham Danaee
Abstract
Salinity stress was imposed on Calendula officinalis L. by potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl) salts. This study evaluated the ameliorative effects of polyamine foliar application on growth indices and physiological traits of Calendula officinalis L. under salinity stress. A factorial ...
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Salinity stress was imposed on Calendula officinalis L. by potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl) salts. This study evaluated the ameliorative effects of polyamine foliar application on growth indices and physiological traits of Calendula officinalis L. under salinity stress. A factorial experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experiment was conducted in a commercial greenhouse in Pakdasht, Iran (2021). The treatments included salinity stress induced by NaCl and KCl salts (0, 50 and 100 mg L-1) and putrescine and spermine foliar applications (0, 1 and 2 mM). The results showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the measured variables. Increasing NaCl and KCl levels decreased the value of each variable, except for proline and superoxide dismutase activity. Putrescine and spermine foliar applications mitigated the effects of salt stress and improved the evaluated traits. The highest fresh and dry shoot weight (15.59- 3.58 g), plant height (38.70 cm), leaf count (23), and flower count (12.50) were observed in the control. Also, the highest root fresh weight (5.17 g) and root volume (4.60 cm3) were obtained inresponse to NaCl 50 mg L-1 + spermidine 2 mM. The effects of NaCl 50 mg L-1 + putrescine 2 mM caused the highest root dry weight (1.42 g). The highest carotenoid content in petals (0.69 mg g-1 FW) and leaf chlorophyll content (14.54 mg g-1 FW) were obtained in response to KCl 50 mg L-1 + spermidine 2 mM. Also, the highest superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (85.90 unit of enzyme g-1 FW) and proline (8.4 mg g-1 FW) were obtained in response to NaCl 50 and 100 mg L-1, respectively. In summary, this research showed that polyamine foliar application, especially spermine, most significantly increased the growth indices and physiological traits in pot marigold under salinity stress.
Sophia Soroori; Elham Danaee
Abstract
The experiment was performed to study the effect of foliar application of citric acid on reducing the effects of drought stress on Calendula officinalis L., the effect of citric acid (0, 50 and 100 mg l-1) and different levels of drought (no stress: control, 25, 50 and 75% field capacity) was studied ...
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The experiment was performed to study the effect of foliar application of citric acid on reducing the effects of drought stress on Calendula officinalis L., the effect of citric acid (0, 50 and 100 mg l-1) and different levels of drought (no stress: control, 25, 50 and 75% field capacity) was studied as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replicates in 2018 in greenhouses in northern Iran. The foliar application was applied in three stages with an interval of about 20 days, including the six-leaf stage, full tillering and the appearance of the first bud. The results showed that drought stress and foliar application of CA significantly affected the parameters evaluated. The highest fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, carotenoids, phenol and flavonoid were obtained in 75% FC + CA 50 mg l-1. The maximum plant height, root length and number of flowers were for control irrigation + CA 50 mg l-1 and the highest longevity of the flower on the plant, total carbohydrate, rutin and total antioxidant activity was observed in 75% FC + CA 100 mg l-1. In addition, treatment of control irrigation + CA 100 mg l-1 had the highest total chlorophyll and vitamin C and the 25% FC treatment had the highest proline content. In general, irrigation of pot marigolds with 75% FC and spraying with citric acid 100 mg l-1 had positive effects on plant growth and biochemical parameters
