Narges Mehri; Mehdi Mohebodini; Mahdi Behnamian; Karim Farmanpour-Kalalagh
Abstract
Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is one of the most important plants in terms of medicine and economics in the world. Breeding of black cumin genotypes by using biotechnology and phytochemistry has always been an important area of different studies. In this study, 24 ISSR molecular markers were used to ...
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Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is one of the most important plants in terms of medicine and economics in the world. Breeding of black cumin genotypes by using biotechnology and phytochemistry has always been an important area of different studies. In this study, 24 ISSR molecular markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of Iranian black cumin genotypes. The primers produced a total number of 223 bands, of which 155 were polymorphic bands (indicating 69% polymorphism). By analyzing the similarity matrix based on the simple matching similarity coefficient, the similarity ranged from 0.46 to 0.84. The genotypes were classified into three main groups in the phylogenetic dendrogram, which was based on the similarity matrix and UPGMA algorithm. The average of Polymorphism Information Content, Marker Index, Resolving power, and Observed number of alleles, Effective number of alleles, Nei’s gene diversity, and Shannon's information index were 0.26, 1.56, 3.07, 15.79, 13.72, 0.26, and 0.38, respectively. In analyzing the population structure, when the K value was adjusted to range from 2 to 10, two subpopulations were revealed. However, there was a degree of inconsistency when comparing the results of the phylogenetic dendrogram with those of the population structure. The results of this study can expand future inquiries into the assessments of germplasms and provide opportunities for breeding black cumin genotypes.
Forouzandeh Soltani; Moien Shajari; Giti Sadat Mirbehbahani; Mohammad Reza Bihamta
Abstract
Understanding genetic diversity and germplasm classification are the keys for selection of right parents for breeding purposes. In the present study, the genetic diversity and classification of 45 Iranian and 15 foreign melons were evaluated. A greenhouse experiment was laid out as a randomized completely ...
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Understanding genetic diversity and germplasm classification are the keys for selection of right parents for breeding purposes. In the present study, the genetic diversity and classification of 45 Iranian and 15 foreign melons were evaluated. A greenhouse experiment was laid out as a randomized completely block design with three replications and five plants in each replicates. Fruit number had a positive correlation with female flower numbers, fruit number, and fruit yield. The fruit number, however, correlated negatively with the leaf area. Genotypes with monoicous flowering habit produced female flowers in lower nodes and formed longer fruit. The number of the female flower, fruit number, yield, high total soluble solids (TSS), leaf area, the first node of female appearance, and flesh firmness were amongst the high weighted and more coefficient in the component analysis. For the breeding purpose, all accessions of cluster 4 were andromonoecious and obtained high TSS, leaf area, and flesh firmness. From the first three clusters, 11 accessions were monoecious, which belonged to TN-93-5, TN 92100, TN 921071, TN 922025 (Cluster1), FLTM 27, and FLTM35 (Cluster2), TN921026, TN-94-21, TN- 94-44, TN-94-28, and TN-94-3 (Cluster3). The characteristic of cluster 3 included melons with high female flower and fruit number and fewer number of the first node of female flower. In conclusion, good genetic resources and foreign types for selection are available for improving the breeding of melons based on the evaluated traits.
Saadat Sarikhani; Kourosh Vahdati; Wilco Ligterink
Abstract
Evaluation of genetic diversity and identification of superior genotypes is a fundamental stepin walnut breeding programs. In addition, information on biochemical properties of superiorgenotypes can help walnut breeders to release commercial varieties with high kernel quality.To gain more information ...
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Evaluation of genetic diversity and identification of superior genotypes is a fundamental stepin walnut breeding programs. In addition, information on biochemical properties of superiorgenotypes can help walnut breeders to release commercial varieties with high kernel quality.To gain more information on superior genotypes, a walnut population located in southwest ofIran was morphologically evaluated from 2010 to 2016. Based on important walnut breedingtraits, nine superior walnut genotypes were selected from a total of 612 tested genotypes.These genotypes were characterized by high yield, moderate to late-leafing, lateral bearing,thin shell and large nuts with light and extra-light kernel color. Biochemical traits of theselected superior genotypes were evaluated for two consecutive years (2017 and 2018) and ahigh variation was observed among genotypes in respect of oil, protein and total phenolcontents. Oil, protein and phenol contents of walnut kernels ranged between 57.9 to 69.6%,13.0 to18.1% and 46.6 to 61.5 mg GAE g-1, respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA),monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) constituted on average63.8%, 26.7% and 9.7% of fatty acid content, respectively. There was a negative correlationbetween some phenological traits and oil and protein contents. Lateral bearing genotypes haddarker kernels with higher amounts of saturated fatty acids. In general, the selected walnutgenotypes not only are superior in various aspects of phenotypic characteristics, but also havehigh kernel quality and nutritional value which can be used as a source of desirable genes forfuture walnut breeding programs.