Soheila Mohammadrezakhani; Zahra Pakkish
Abstract
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is known for its social, environmental, and economic importance by many people in tropical and subtropical regions. Dates are an essential agricultural product in Iran and sometimes a staple food because of their high sugar content, vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, ...
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Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is known for its social, environmental, and economic importance by many people in tropical and subtropical regions. Dates are an essential agricultural product in Iran and sometimes a staple food because of their high sugar content, vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, and antioxidants. This research aimed to explore the changes that occur in chemical compounds at different stages of fruit ripening. Five palm cultivars were comparable with each other in this regard. The fruits were harvested at various ripening stages (Hobabok, Kimri, Khalal, Rutab, and Tamar) from five date varieties, i.e., ‘Khenizi,’ ‘Mazafati,’ ‘Kaloteh,’ ‘Shahani,’ and ‘Mordasang.’ We measured phenolic compounds, anthocyanin, tannin, moisture, and total soluble solids (TSS) in the fruits at their different ripening stages. Average comparisons showed that the TSS content, anthocyanin, and phenol compounds increased during ripening. In contrast, antioxidant capacity, tannins, flavonoids, and moisture content decreased. Chemical compounds in the cultivars were different from one another at ripening. Thus, harvesting should take place according to the harvest purpose in each cultivar.
Hamid Zargari; Alireza Talaii; Yahya Dehghani Shuraki; Vahid Abdossi
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different pollen sources, i.e. genotypes 7001 (control), 7005, 7013, 7030, and tissue culture-derived ‘Boyer 11’, on two maternal plant cultivars, i.e. ‘Barhi’ and ‘Piarom’ (tissue culture-derived and offshoot-derived). ...
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The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different pollen sources, i.e. genotypes 7001 (control), 7005, 7013, 7030, and tissue culture-derived ‘Boyer 11’, on two maternal plant cultivars, i.e. ‘Barhi’ and ‘Piarom’ (tissue culture-derived and offshoot-derived). The quantitative properties of fruits were evaluated for a period of two years (2018-2019). A population of 30 ten-year-old trees was selected from each cultivar. Fruit physical properties were measured, including fruit length and diameter, the fruit length-to-diameter ratio, fruit volume, seed length and diameter, seed weight, and yield. The results showed that the highest percentage of natural fruit set was related to offshoot-derived trees of cv. ‘Barhiʼ, with pollen from genotypes 7030 and 7013. The lowest was found in tissue culture-derived trees of cv. ‘Piaromʼ, with pollen from the genotype 7001 (control). In general, offshoot-derived ‘Barhi’ and ‘Piarom’ cultivars were preferable to their tissue culture-derived trees, since they caused better quantitative and qualitative traits. Furthermore, genotypes 7013 and 7030 were selected as the most suitable pollinizers because of increasing the percentage of fruit set, reducing the number of parthenocarpic fruits, and improving the quantitative and qualitative properties of fruits in tissue culturederived and offshoot-derived date palm cultivars (‘Barhi’ and ‘Piarom’).
Khaled Elmeer; Imene Mattat; Ameena Al-Malki; Al-Ghaliya Al-Mamari; Khaled BoJulaia; Aladdin Hamwieh; Michael Baum
Abstract
In this study fourteen microsatellite primer pairs were used to study the genetic diversity of Shishi Date palm in Qatar. A total of 32 date palm (15 Shishi cultivar, 10 Khalas and seven male date palms) were collected from Qatar and 5 Shihi cultivars were collected from Saudi Arabia for comparison. ...
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In this study fourteen microsatellite primer pairs were used to study the genetic diversity of Shishi Date palm in Qatar. A total of 32 date palm (15 Shishi cultivar, 10 Khalas and seven male date palms) were collected from Qatar and 5 Shihi cultivars were collected from Saudi Arabia for comparison. The Shishi set collected from Qatar was selected from different regions to represent the genetic diversity of this cultivar. The results indicated 98 alleles produced from the 14 microsatellite markers, and the cluster analysis showed four major clusters corresponding o the geographical areas. Similarly, the structure analysis indicated four populations according to statistic K value. PCoA analysis showed three groups (A, B and C) separating Shishi (from Qatar) in group A, Khalas in group B and Shishi (from Saudi Arabia) in group C and no clear group separated the male genotypes. This indicates that the sexual propagation by seeds is the main source of variation in the date palm. This is the first study focusing on Shishi cultivar in Qatar and Saudi Arabia by using molecular markers.
Hamed Hassanzadeh Khankahdani; Abdoolnabi Bagheri
Abstract
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a monocot, dioecious and high longevity tropical plant greatly considered due to its high economic importance in Middle East. This investigation was carried out to detect genetic relations among 34 cultivars of Iranian date palm, both males and females, using ISSR ...
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Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a monocot, dioecious and high longevity tropical plant greatly considered due to its high economic importance in Middle East. This investigation was carried out to detect genetic relations among 34 cultivars of Iranian date palm, both males and females, using ISSR markers. Accordingly, total DNA was extracted using CTAB method and was subjected to PCR amplification using 12 ISSR primers. Analysis of ISSR data indicated that PIC value varied from 0.3695 to 0.4998 with average of 0.4497. The highest PIC value belonged to (CT)10 G primer (0.4498). Totally, 112 alleles were recognized. According to morphological attributes and ISSR markers, the 34 studied date cultivars divided into eight main groups and different sub-groups, and no significant correlation between grouping made by morphological and molecular markers. Unlike ISSR markers that produced a clear-cut among male and female cultivars, no distinct border was seen among male and female cultivars using morphological attributes. Furthermore, PCA analysis confirmed the grouping made by ISSR markers. In conclusion, ISSR markers have been useful to separate date palm cultivars.
Seyed Mohammad Hassan Mortazavi; Fatemeh Azizollahi; Noorallah Moallemi
Abstract
The fruit of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an important horticultural product in the Middle East and North Africa. Among more than 400 reported date palm cultivars in Iran, around 20 cultivars are more important due to having better eating quality and trading values. In this study, the fruit ...
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The fruit of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an important horticultural product in the Middle East and North Africa. Among more than 400 reported date palm cultivars in Iran, around 20 cultivars are more important due to having better eating quality and trading values. In this study, the fruit of nine commercially important date cultivars including ‘Barhee’, ‘Breim’, ‘Deiri’, ‘Fersi’, ‘Gantar’, ‘Khadravi’, ‘Sayer’, ‘Shakar’ and ‘Zahidi’ were evaluated for certain quality and biochemical properties during the last three stages of ripening (i.e., Khalal, Rutab and Tamar). The results showed that the highest levels of total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity were recorded at Tamar stage for all studied cultivars. Maximum TSS was recorded for ‘Deiri’ (77 %) and ‘Zahidi’ (75.3%) which are considered as dry dates. By a similar pattern, the mean amount of soluble proteins, flesh darkening and peroxidase activity (POX) increased to 5587 μg g-1, 0.76 A410 and 5220 Ug-1 tissue, respectively. Fruit at Khalal stage showed an incredible amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, but these parameters of nutritional value reduced to their lowest level in almost all studied cultivars at Tamar stage. Flesh darkening as an index of appearance quality increased greatly by turning Rutab into Tamar for almost all cultivars.