Narges Asadi; Hossein Zarei; Hamid Reza Hashemi Petrodi; Seid Javad Mousavizade
Abstract
Galanthus transcaucasicus is a less frequently known species with a high distribution in southern regions of the Caspian Sea in Iran. So far, no precise study has been done on Galanthus transcaucasicus in the literature. This study aimed to collect and introduce the morphological and anat omical features ...
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Galanthus transcaucasicus is a less frequently known species with a high distribution in southern regions of the Caspian Sea in Iran. So far, no precise study has been done on Galanthus transcaucasicus in the literature. This study aimed to collect and introduce the morphological and anat omical features of endemic Galanthus transcaucasicus in detail. Herewit h, 50 Galanthus transcaucasicus accessions of five populations (10 randomly selected plants from each population) were collected from four provinces, including Mazandaran, Guilan, Golestan, and Ardabil, Iran. Twelve morphological traits and ten anatomical parameters were measured. The largest flowers were observed in Shirgah population (22.66 and 11.97mm for outer perianth-segments length and width). The tallest stems were recorded in the Shirgah population (243.89 mm). The largest bulb size belonged to the Neka population (19.92 and 14.08 mm of bulb length and diameter, respectively). Anatomical analysis showed that the cells on the lower (abaxial) epidermis were spherical and short. On the upper (adaxial) epidermis, however, they were oblong and strongly elongated. G. transcaucasicus had amphistomatous leaves. The number of stomata on the upper surface was less (0.16 to 0.6 per mm2) than that on the lower surface (3.77 to 9.51 per mm2). Anatomically, there was a significant difference between populations from different regions. The results of this study revealed low variability among G. transcaucasicus accessions, representative of one species’ clone-population structure. Therefore, it seems that the range of environmental conditions in which the species are distributed can play a role in the morphological and anatomical features of Iranian Galanthus transcaucasicus.
Najmeh Hosseini; Farkhondeh Rezanejad; Elaheh ZamaniBahramabadi
Abstract
Fruit blankness is an important problem of pistachio cultivation, which results from many reasons. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of soil texture, irrigation interval, and cultivar on nut quality and blankness of pistachio. The treatments included soil texture (light and heavy), irrigation ...
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Fruit blankness is an important problem of pistachio cultivation, which results from many reasons. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of soil texture, irrigation interval, and cultivar on nut quality and blankness of pistachio. The treatments included soil texture (light and heavy), irrigation intervals (24 and 48 days), cultivar (Kaleghoochi and Ahmadaghaei), and their interactions were studied. Measured traits were flower and small fruit abscission rate, nut weight, blank and semi-blank fruit percentage, splitting percentage, and ounce. Symptoms of fruit blankness were determined by anatomical study of blank fruits. Results showed that a 48-day irrigation interval produced nuts with higher quality, lower blankness percentage, higher weight and size, and higher number of split ones than the other treatments. It is assumed that plants produce more fruits by sufficient water supply, thus the competition for photosynthetic products results in smaller, lower-weight seeds. Light soil was more suitable regarding nut qualities, but flower and small fruit abscission rates were higher in light soil probably because of temperature fluctuations in this soil. Anatomical studies showed that blankness could result from a lack of fertilization (parthenocarpy) or embryo abortion (stenospermocarpy). Parthenocarpy mostly occurred in the more sensitive cultivar, Kaleghoochi, while the more tolerant cultivar, Ahmadaghaei, mostly had stenospermocarpic blank fruits. It was also determined that embryo abortion could occur at different stages of development.
Fatemeh Nejadhabibvash; Esmaeil Rezaei Chiyaneh; Alireza Pirzad
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of altitudinal gradients on the anatomy of Salvia limbata C.A.Mey. (Lamiaceae). . The S. limbata species were collected from their natural habitats from various regions of West Azerbaijan province in Iran. The thickness of cuticle, collenchymas, ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of altitudinal gradients on the anatomy of Salvia limbata C.A.Mey. (Lamiaceae). . The S. limbata species were collected from their natural habitats from various regions of West Azerbaijan province in Iran. The thickness of cuticle, collenchymas, phloem, xylem and pith of stem and leaf thickness were measured. Moreover, width, length and number of stomata on both adaxial and abaxal epidermal surfaces were analyzed. Statistical analyses were done on a completely randomized design. The results indicated that by increasing altitude leaf thickness increased from 239.1 to 300.1 µm. Number of leaf epidermal cells was also increased in higher altitude on both upper (4.30 to 5.61) and lower (1.05 to 6.55) epidermal surfaces. The results confirmed that more stomata on both adaxial and abaxial epidermis in high altitude samples were associated with presence of narrower and longer stomata on their leaves. Significant differences in the cuticle, collenchyma, xylem, phloem and parenchymatous pith thickness in the stem were observed in all the six studied populations. At higher altitudes thicker cuticle, increased number of collenchyma and wider xylem, phloem and parenchymatous pith were detected. Plants in Mahlamlu region had the thickest studied parameters and Plants in Kabudan Island region had the thinnest tissues.
